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The bromine-polysulphide RFB was patented in 1984. [31]. Upon charge, bromide ions are oxidised to bromine at the positive electrode, which are complexed as the tribromide ion Br3- in solution, and the S42- anion is reduced to S22- at the negative electrode. Upon discharge the reverse occurs, with S22- anions oxidised to the polysulphide anion S42- at the anode and bromine reduced to bromide ions at the cathode. The catholyte and anolyte originally reported were an aqueous 1 M NaBr solution saturated with bromine and a 2 M Na2S solution, the optimal pH for the electrolytes being neutral or slightly basic pH, while a cation exchange membrane separated the half-cells to allow the transfer of Na+ ions between the electrodes to complete the circuit[31]. The open circuit voltage of the system is around 1.5 V [43]. Anolyte: Catholyte: (21) (22) The bromine-polysulphide RFB was investigated extensively by Regenesys Technologies Ltd. in the 1990s and early 2000s, leading to the production of three scales of bromine- polysulphide modules with 5 kW, 20 kW and 100 kW power output and a 1 MW pilot scale facility that was built at Aberthaw power station near Cardiff, United Kingdom [115]. Interest in the system culminated in the construction of a 15 MW/120 MWh demonstration plant at Little Barford power station, also in the United Kingdom. However, the plant was never fully commissioned and the funding for the technology was later withdrawn [116]. Problems encountered with the bromine-polysulphide system include cross-contamination of electrolyte solutions due to membrane inefficiency, possible deposition of sulphur species in the membrane as well as concern over the formation of H2S and Br2 gases [43]. 6.3 Zinc/polyiodide hybrid RFB Page 29 of 63PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Concepts Chemistries
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