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5. Many studies do not take the opportunity to incorporate reference electrodes in each half-cell, e.g. see reference 97, enabling potential distribution and cell potential components to be expressed as a function of current density for each electrode reaction. 6. Few studies of vanadium RFBs appreciate that OCP probes in the half-cell electrolyte reservoirs or flow loops can be used to monitor SOC via the solution redox potential. 7. It is poorly understood that electrolyte flow regime, channel equivalent (hydraulic) diameter, mean linear flow velocity of electrolyte and pressure drop are critical parameters characterising any RFB flow cell. 8. Regardless of the type of study, the mass transport properties of a RFB cell should be assessed as a function of mean electrolyte velocity past the electrode surface, v, e.g., against a diluted model redox couple. This would provide a basic quantitative indicator of their reaction environment and permit more rigorous comparisons against other experimental conditions and cell or stack designs/sizes. 9. There are very few case studies of scale-up, full size cell characterisation or plant performance during extended operation. While proprietary considerations are appreciated, this situation limits confidence in future roll out and wider deployment of the technology. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests. Acknowledgements LFA and CPL acknowledge the financial support of Newton Fund and Innovate UK. LFA acknowledges additional support from the RIFI of the University of Southampton and fruitful discussions with colleagues at conferences. 14PDF Image | Redox flow batteries for energy storage challenges
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