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Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones

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Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones ( redox-flow-batteries-vanadium-earth-quinones )

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Figure 3.3. – Scheme of electrode synthesis processes over plasma treated graphite felt (GF-HT). i) Atomic layer deposition process for CeO2 of 100 nm thickness. ii) Thermal treatment of GF@CeO2 electrode initially in oxygen atmosphere and afterwards in Ar (5%H2) at 500oC for 4 hours each step. 3.3 Membrane pretreatments The membrane used for all the experiments is Nafion 117; therefore the treatment following described is especially for this material (Figure 3.4). Nafion is initially cut into squares to handle it better. After, it is peeled off the thin backing layer, then dunk in water to separate the Nafion from the thick coversheet. Consequently, it is boiled at a temperature of 80oC for 1 hour in 3% H2O2. Afterwards, rinsed in deionized water and boiled at 80oC for 2 hours in H2O. Finally, it is boiled at same temperature (80oC) for 1 hour in 0.5M H2SO4 solution and rinsed several times in lightly boiling (80-90oC) deionized water. It is always stored in deionized water. Figure 3.4. – Consecutive step processes that compose the Nafion membrane pretreatment. 47

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