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anthraquinone derivative, 3,4.dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (ARS), as the anolyte (7.2).1,265 (7.2) Both charge-storage materials are commercially available. Electrochemical researching showed that ARS exhibits a two-electron redox process and that the redox reactions of both molecules are highly reversible. The used laboratory flow cell comprised copper plates as current collectors and a Nafion 212 proton- exchange membrane. Charge/discharge measurements with 0.05 M BQDS and 0.05 M ARS in 1 M H2SO4 as the catholyte and anolyte, respectively, were performed with various current densities of 20, 30 and 60 mA/cm2 to investigate the cell performance. Three cycles with an average discharge capacity of 90 mAh, calculated discharge capacity retention around 98%, as well as a Coulombic efficiency of 99% were achieved. The maximal power density of 10,6 mW/cm2 was accomplished at 80% SOC at a current density of 60 mA/cm2.265 The authors obtained good Coulombic efficiencies through fast charging and slow discharging cycling, but the not optimized flow-cell setup lead to a voltage loss. Moreover, the observed energy density of 0.4 Wh/L and the current density is limited by the restricted solubility of the used redox active molecules, especially ARS. Considering all the concepts shown above, the target is the use of quinones molecules as the most promising candidates, especially as anode material, for the battery concept as they present a good reversibility, moderate solubility and higher electron density, as two electrons are involve in the redox process. In the AORFBs studied, two different aqueous solutions of soluble organic redox substances such as quinones are circulated through the electrodes. The appropriate organic redox couples for the positive and negative electrodes are 1,2- benzoquinone-2,5-disulfonic acid as catholyte and disodium anthraquinone-2 7- disulfonate as anolyte, both solvated in a methanosulfonic acid solution. It is expected that an aqueous cell is capable of obtain a voltage as high as 1.0 V. The 155PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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