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Besides, the material synthesis is characterized by several methods, the XRD diffractogram (Figure 7.22) showed two main peaks around 12o and 26.4, which correspond to the G and D bands related to carbon structures271. Also there is a hardly noticeable peak at 44.4o correspond to (101). There is not an appreciable difference in the XRD peaks between the various electrodes, as all of them are hydrocarbon based materials, and therefore other specialized techniques are more appropriate. SEM images of the various electrodes companied by its EDX elementary composition, Figure 7.23a, show initial activated graphite felt electrode containing approximately 1% in weight of oxygen as well as a smooth surface with just a few carbon grains. It also evidences increased rGO deposits over the felt substrate after the consequently treatment, as it can be seen in Figure 7.23b. Moreover, the CF into the glycerol hydrothermal treatment gives a surface containing oxygen groups slightly improved (Figure 7.23c). Lastly, the case that includes quinone on the felt complex CF-rGO structure gives 10 times higher oxygen content carbon felt plasma activated. The Figure 7.23d offers a vision of the graphene flake coating the CF, the presence of the quinone cannot be seen by this technique due to the small size of the quinone molecules. For that reason, XPS measurements are done in order to study the electrodes surface composition. Figure 7.23.- SEM images for several electrodes a) CF-HT b) CF-rGO c) CF-rGO/ROH d) CF-rGO/Q. Additionally, XPS spectra analysis (Figure 7.24) shows the surface effects of the different functionalization processes done on the carbonaceous electrodes. First, 2μm CF-HT Element Weight% Atomic% C K 98.81 99.10 OK 1.19 0.90 CF-rGO/ROH Element Weight% Atomic% 2μm CK 98.40 98.80 OK 1.60 1.20 1μm CF-rGO Element Weight% Atomic% C K 98.62 98.96 OK 1.38 1.04 1μm CF-rGO/Q Element Weight% Atomic% C K 88.96 91.61 OK 10.66 8.24 178PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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