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considering the C1s contribution for the different electrodes it is obvious a larger intensity peak for CF-rGO/ROH (81% at.), with a larger contribution of unsaturated carbon bonding (C=C, 284.9 eV). When compare to CF-HT C1s peak area is reduced to 73% at., and 67% at. considering CF-rGO/Q. However, single C-C (285.2 eV) bonding has a different tendency: CF-rGO/Q > CF-rGO/ROH > CF-HT, with. a larger contribution into the C1s peak for CF-rGO/Q electrode. Furthermore, In terms of overall contribution of O1s signal the trend followed is: CF-rGO/Q (30% at.)> CF-HT (24% at.) > CF-rGO/ROH (17% at.). Besides, the oxygen band in Figure 7.24 confirms the increasing contribution of C-O bonding (533.3 eV) in case of CF-rGO/Q electrode to a 12% at., while CF-HT has only a 6% and slightly higher for CF-rGO/ROH with an 8%. Moreover, O-C=O bonding (531.4 eV) is also slightly greater in case of CF-rGO/Q (4.3% at.), while the contributions for CF-HT and CF-N are a 3.7 and 2.3% at, respectively (Figure 7.25). Therefore, these facts evidence that the rGO/Q contribution increases the quantity of C-O groups (533.2 eV), while the C=O groups (532.2 eV) are decreased when compared to CF-HT electrode, as the Quinone’s oxygen groups are bonded to the carbon surface by these C=O groups. fj05mn01.spe: GF activitat 3 + HT 18 Jul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0° C1s/Full/1 (Shft) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 23.50 eV 5.1058e+003 max fj05mn01.spe C-C Comfpj0a5nmy Nn0a1m.sepe: GF activitat 3 + HT 2.42 m1i8nJul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0°23.50 eV 2.7117e+003 max O1s C=O 3.2750e+003 max Cofmj0p5amnny0N1a.smpe: GF activitat 3 + HT 2.021m8 iJnul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0°23.50 eV 6.0500e+002 max Company Name 10.10 min Company Name 10.10 min 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 CF-rGO/Q Binding Energy (eV) fj03mn01.spe C-C 2.6667e+003 max 3500 3000 C-O 2500 Binding Energy (eV) fj03mn01.spe O1s C=O O-C=O Quinone 7.8000e+002 max 650 600 550 500 450 N1s Binding Energy (eV) fj03mn01.spe N-oxygenated 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 B i n d f i j n 0 g 4 mE n n e 0 r 1 g . y s p ( e e V ) CF-rGO/ROH C=O C-O π-π* O-C=O O1s/Full/1 0(Shft) 800 B i n d f j i 0 n 4 g m E n n 0 e 1 r . g s y p e ( e V ) 240 230 B i n f j d 0 i 4 n mg n E 0 n 1 e . r s g p y e ( e V ) N-oxygenated N1s N-graphitic N-pyrrolic N-pyridinic CF-HT C1s fj05mn01.spe C-OH C-O Chemisorbed oxygen N1s π-π* O-C=O fj03mn01.spe: GF/rGO/Q 18 Jul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0° 23.50 eV Comfjp0a3nmynN0a1m.sepe: GF/rGO/Q C-O ; C-N C=O ; C=N O-C=O C-O ; C-N C=O ; C=N π-π* O-C=O fj04mn01.spe: GF/rGO-ROH (1) 18 Jul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0° C1s/Full/10 (Shft) Cfoj0m4pman0y1N.sapmee: GF/rGO-ROH (1) 2.0128mJuinl 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0°23.50 eV Company Name 10.10 min 3.1817e+003 max 2.42 m18inJul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0° C-C 200 190 180 170 C=C N-oxygenated N-graphitic N-pyrrolic 6.0950e+002 max C1s C=C C1s C=C O1s O1s/Full/1 (Shft) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 N1s/Full/1 (Shft) 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 Comfpj0a3nmynN0a1m.sepe: GF/rGO/Q 2.02 m18inJul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0° fj05mn01.spe 0 0 420 C1s/Full/1 (Shft) O1s/Full/1 (Shft) N1s/Full/1 (Shft) 294 292 290 288 286 284 282 538 537 536 535 534 533 532 531 530 529 528 404 403 402 401 400 399 398 397 396 395 394 C-OH 1500 Chemisorbed 1000 oxygen 500 Cofmj04pmanny0N1a.smpe: GF/rGO-ROH (1) 2.4218mJinul 2 Al mono 300.0 W 0.0 0.0° N-graphitic N-pyrrolic N-pyridinic 2.3083e+002 max 2000 N1s/Full/140(S0hft) 294 292 290 288 286 284 282 538 537 536 535 534 533 532 531 530 529 528 404 403 402 401 400 399 398 397 396 395 394 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Binding Energy (eV) Binding Energy (eV) Binding Energy (eV) Figure 7.24.- XPS deconvoluted spectra of C1s, O1s and N1s for the electrodes CF-HT, CF- rGO/Q and CF-N. Additionally, the N1s XPS band spectra (Figure 7.24) in terms of overall contribution of N1s signal follows the tendency: CF-rGO/Q (3% at.) ≈ CF-HT (3% at.) > CF-rGO/ROH (2% at.). Moreover, it is shown a main contribution due to C-OH C=O 220 210 C-O c/s c/s c/s c/s c/s c/s c/s c/s c/s 0 294 292 290 288 286 284 282 538 537 536 535 534 533 532 531 530 529 528 404 403 402 401 400 399 398 397 396 395 394 O-C=O 179PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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