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evidences the good performance and low degradation (HER and OER) of it. b) The treatments done on the anode electrodes towards the Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt has the objective of increase the electrochemically active surface area by the formation of nitrogen, mainly as graphitic-N as well as pyrrolic-N, and oxygen groups, especially C-O and O-C=O groups. Therefore the electrodes become more active towards the previously mentioned 2,7-AQDS redox reaction. It is confirmed as CV showed by an increase in the reversibility and electrode-electrolyte mass transfer for the CF-rGO/Q electrode comparatively to CF-HT and CF-rGO/ROH. Moreover, when fitting PEIS done at 0.15V vs. NHE which is the potential Anthraquinone-2,7- disulfonic acid disodium keto/enol reaction takes place, CF-rGO/Q performance reduces its charge transfer resistance (Rct). In case considered charge-discharge plots at high current in a three electrode set-up, the overall charge and discharge capacity, as well as the voltage efficiency (72%) is larger for CF-rGO/Q due to a lower polarization of the electrode caused by all the modifications previously mentioned. Additionally, the electrode cycling is stable at least for 1000 cycles with a large Coulombic efficiency (98%), which evidences the good performance, low electrolyte degradation (HER and OER) and limited cross-over. c) When couple the negative and positive active molecules previously mentioned, commonly benzoquinones in the positive cell and anthraquinones in the negative compartment, into a single-cell device in order to study their overall properties and behavior. Three different approaches have been done to obtain the best possible combination. Considering just electrochemical factors related to the different active molecules solved in the positive electrolyte. The best values are obtained for the p-benzoquinone molecule. Always working with sodium 9,10- anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate as negative active electrolyte molecule as the one showing better electrochemical output. Although all this facts are true, it happens to p-benzoquinone to self-oxidize when solved in the acidic electrolyte. For that reasons the single cell studies using the modified electrodes have 1,2-BQDS as cathodic active material and continuing with 2,7-AQDS as anode material. d) After implementing these electrodes, CF-HT (+) and CF-rGO/Q (-), the battery is capable to achieve an outstanding performance, in 0.05 M active material concentration, obtaining 98% CE, 76% VE and 74% EE for 10 mA/cm2 of current density applied. These efficiency values are reduced when increased to 0.3 M of active material, getting 96% CE, 58% VE and 56% EE for 10 mA/cm2 of current density applied. However, 211PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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