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Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones

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Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones ( redox-flow-batteries-vanadium-earth-quinones )

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Figure 9.2 – Current-overpotential curves for the system O+e-=R with α=0.5, T=298 K, il,c=-il,a=il and i0/il =0.2. The dashed lines show the component currents ic and ia. The behavior predicted by (9.22) is depicted in Figure 9.2. The solid curve shows the actual total current, which is the sum of the components ic and ia, shown as dashed traces. For large negative over-potentials, the anodic component is negligible; hence the total current curve merges with that for ic. At large positive over-potentials, the cathodic component is negligible, and the total current is essentially the same as ia. In going either direction from Eeq, the magnitude of the current rises rapidly, because the exponential factors dominate behavior, but extreme η, the current levels off. In these level regions, the current is limited by mass transfer rather than heterogeneous kinetics. The exponential factors in (9.22) are then moderated by the factors CO(0,t)/C*O and CR(0,t)/C*R, which manifest the reactant supply. 9.1.2.3 Approximate Form of the i-η Equation 9.1.2.3.1 Tafel plots A plot of log i vs. η, known as a Tafel plot, is a useful device for evaluating kinetic parameters. In general, there is an anodic branch with slope (1-α)F/2.3RT and a cathodic branch with slope –αF/2.3RT. As shown in Figure 9.3, both linear segments extrapolate to an intercept of log i0. The plots deviate sharply from linear behavior as η approaches zero, because the back reactions can no longer be 218

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