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Study of redox flow battery systems for residential applications 2 Vanadium redox flow battery 2.1 State of the art In the positive half-cell, vanadium ions will be present with the oxidation state of V4+ in the form of VO2+ ion when the battery is fully discharged and the electrolyte solution has a blue colour. While charging the battery, VO2+ is oxidized to form VO2+ ions (yellow colour solution), with the oxidation state of V5+, and electrons are released, through the external circuit, to the negative half-cell. The vanadium ions V3+ (green colour solution), which are present on the negative half-cell when the battery is fully discharged, will be reduced to form V2+ ions (violet colour solution) by accepting the electrons provided by oxidation reaction from the positive half-cell. When all VO2+ ions are oxidized into VO2+ and when all V3+ ions are reduced into V2+, the battery is fully charged. Meanwhile, protons H+ present in the electrolyte will migrate through the IEM from the positive half-cell to the negative half-cell to maintain the ionic balance on the battery [19-21]. Since the electrochemical reactions that occur on this battery are reversible, the discharging process is the opposite of the charging process. The VO2+ ions will be reduced to VO2+, V2+ ions will be oxidized to form V3+ ions and protons H+ will migrate from negative to positive half-cell. Figure 2.1 - Representative scheme of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. Adapted from [22, 23]. Chapter 2: Vanadium redox flow battery 6PDF Image | Tubular Vanadium Air Redox‐flow battery
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