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Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop Report 1 Introduction This report presents the findings of the 2021 “Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop: Priorities and Pathways to Widespread Deployment of Thermal Energy Storage in Buildings.” Organized by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), this virtual event was held on May 11 and 12, 2021. More than 600 stakeholders from around the world joined the workshop to discuss market deployment challenges for thermal energy storage (TES) technologies in buildings. The following sections detail the rationale, structure, and findings of the workshop. The Challenge The U.S. government has undertaken the ambitious goal of creating a carbon-pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net-zero-emissions economy by 2050. Energy storage will undoubtedly play a key role in helping to achieve these objectives and will take on an increasingly important role in the U.S. energy ecosystem. In addition to the U.S. government’s climate goals, the growth of electric vehicle usage, increased deployment of variable renewable generation, and declining costs of storage technologies are among other drivers of expected future growth of the energy storage market. By 2030 global energy storage markets are estimated to grow by 2.5–4 terawatt-hours annually.3 Today, buildings consume 75% of all the electricity generated in the United States and are responsible for a comparably significant portion of peak power demands.4 The decarbonization of the building sector will be unavoidable in the pursuit of a clean energy economy. Storage sited at buildings can serve as important resources to promote grid reliability and flexibility, increase renewable penetration, and increase energy resilience. Current thermally driven loads make up more than 45% of the annual electrical energy consumed on-site in residential and commercial buildings (Figure 1). During peak load periods, the contribution of thermal loads can increase significantly (Figure 2). With expectations of future electrified heating loads in buildings, the annual electrical contribution of thermal loads in U.S. buildings may grow to more than 50%, while peak period thermal loads may exceed 75% of building energy consumption. 3 DOE. 2020. Energy Storage Market Report. https://www.energy.gov/energy-storage-grand- challenge/downloads/energy-storage-market-report-2020. 4 U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2021. Annual Energy Outlook 2021. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/. 1PDF Image | 2021 Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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