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Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop Report The next keynote presentation was given by Mark MacCracken (Calmac-TRANE Vice President) on the topic of barriers to TES in buildings. MacCracken began by explaining that electrochemical batteries typically dominate the conversation around energy storage even though thermally based storage techniques can be dramatically cheaper. A major driver that he identified behind future TES growth is the electrification of heating in buildings. Benefits of TES include lower costs than electrochemical alternatives, sustainability of component materials, system reliability, and enabling load flexibility. He emphasized that TES and batteries should not be looked at as competitors but rather complementary solutions because each brings different services to the building. MacCracken then gave a brief history of the motivations for TES in buildings. In terms of the biggest barriers to TES, he presented on how the true value of TES in comparison to other technologies may not be accurately captured without a clear understanding of site versus source energy usage and the time value of energy. Additionally, the sale of TES can be complex because there are multiple individuals that influence whether a project is undertaken. These include building owners, developers, architects, engineers, contractors, and building operators. If any of these players do not fully understand their value, projects will not move forward. Customer education is a key strategy to overcoming some of these barriers. Solutions to TES deployment barriers can include simplified EnergyPlus® modeling and TES optimization in electrified buildings, promotional support from organizations such as DOE, and educational support for utility, regulator, and building industry stakeholders. On the second day of the workshop, Dr. Andreas Hauer (ZAE Bayern Chairman of the Board) presented a keynote on the future vision of TES. He began by elaborating on the impact that thermal processes have on CO2 emissions, and highlighted TES as an appealing tool to help integrate increasing variable renewable energy sources. He presented a system-based approach, which incorporates a source, the storage medium, and the consumer. This includes various combinations of conversions between heat and power. Hauer presented various applications of TES, including waste heat utilization, concentrating solar power, cooling applications, and Carnot batteries. He then presented an economic analysis using a top-down approach on the maximum acceptable storage costs for these systems to be adopted in buildings. This analysis incorporated payback times, interest rates, and energy costs. Based on assumptions for payback times for different sectors and then users, Hauer presented on acceptable storage capacity costs as a function of storage utilization for TES in buildings and other sectors. 9PDF Image | 2021 Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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