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Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop Report systems, and we need an approach to building decarbonization that leverages efficiency, flexibility, renewables, and electrification as tools to achieve customer-centric, low- carbon, and affordable energy systems. Narayanamurthy discussed emergent TES technologies in the form of modular heat batteries from Sunamp and modular building construction materials with embedded phase change materials (PCMs). He also presented community-scale deployment examples of TES in Ontario, California (80 homes), and Fresno, California (60 homes), where thermal storage using hot water with CO2 heat pumps provided significant benefits to the occupants in the form of lower occupant bills, lower property owner costs, and significant carbon reduction. Application Value Drivers and Market Barriers The second panel of the workshop was moderated by Dr. Roderick Jackson of NREL. He gave an overview of the panel objectives to better understand the value propositions of TES and what barriers these technologies face in the market. Then he introduced the following panelists: • Paul Steffes, of Steffes LLC, introduced his company’s vison and solutions for TES. He presented the ability of aggregated TES resources to follow real-time solar outputs to absorb excess solar capacity. Steffes then presented three principles to ensure TES brings value to the grid and building owners/operators: being able to consume energy in real time, ensuring occupant comfort, and providing visibility and verification. Barriers to deployment that Steffes identified include communication reliability, security, and costs, as well as suitable electricity rate structures, rebates, and other incentives to facilitate adoption. • Dr. Said Al-Hallaj, of NETenergy, highlighted how space cooling can drive utility charges in buildings. He then introduced NETenergy’s TES solution for space cooling and elaborated on the value that it could provide to buildings, including estimates for peak load shaving and emission reduction potential. • Dr. Reyad Sawafta, of Phase Change Solutions, began his presentation by discussing temperature control in a variety of industries and sectors including the built environment. He presented on his company’s work using phase change materials as smart thermal mass, and the benefits these materials can provide for buildings—peak load reduction, resilience, and improving the integration of renewables. Market barriers include material challenges such as flammability and corrosiveness, low thermal conductivity and energy densities, and the need for price reductions. • William Edrich, of Sunamp, shared information on Sunamp’s storage solutions. The value propositions for TES that he identified include demand shifting to support both the electricity and gas grids, capturing surplus renewable generation, improving building- and system-level efficiency, and increasing resilience. He discussed multiple market barriers including disconnects between who shoulders the costs of TES and who reaps the benefits, costs barriers, lack of familiarity and educational awareness among end users, the challenge of disrupting existing supply chains with new products, and the lack of a certification structure or product standard for TES. • Pradeep Vitta, of Southern Company, provided a utility perspective to behind-the-meter TES. He began by discussing the value propositions of energy storage from utility and retail perspectives. Utilities are concerned with issues such as peak load management, 11PDF Image | 2021 Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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