2021 Thermal Energy Storage Systems

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Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop Report increasing electrification, and grid and carbon resource management. Retail customers want to lower demand charges, better manage on-site renewable generation, and optimize HVAC equipment. Some barriers Vitta identified include high capital costs, the need for custom design and deep retrofits, space constraints, and integration with grid signals. • Dr. Juan Catano, of Emerson, discussed numerous value drivers for TES technologies in buildings. These include the ability to provide flexibility at multiple levels by system sizing and control strategies, providing seamless technology transitions by requiring little to no behavioral changes to maintain comfort, and benefiting multiple stakeholders. Such benefits include lowering operating costs, reducing generation capacity requirements and transmission upgrades, and improving resilience. Market barriers Catano identified include communicating the value propositions to all stakeholders, improving customer perception of cost, efficiency, and complexity, and improving utilization across seasons. Demonstration, Technology Scaling, and Getting to the Field The third moderated panel also took place on the second day of the workshop. BTO’s Cedar Blazek served as the panel moderator. Blazek introduced each of the panelists and explained the panel’s objective of discussing the experience of deploying TES technologies, including challenges with integration, scaling, and getting building owners to adopt these technologies. • Tapan Patel, of the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, presented his work on PCM integration. His team retrofitted the attic of a Fort Bragg, North Carolina, classroom facility with insulation and PCM. The insulation reduced the temperature swings observed in the attic, and the PCM delayed the daily peak temperatures. Ultimately, Patel’s company found that the facility used more energy with the passive PCM retrofit, and the microencapsulated PCM they used experienced degradation over time. Specific challenges he identified include the need for better modeling capabilities to select PCMs with high utilization for passive applications, as well as research on cycling to extend PCM lifetimes. • John Andrepont, of The Cool Solutions Company, discussed the applications of TES in the context of district energy systems. An advantage of coupling TES with district energy systems is that they typically have more space available for the installation of large thermal storage capacities. Andrepont mentioned that some of the best opportunities for TES arise when the user is faced with a necessary near-term capital investment in thermal capacity. The application of TES to district systems also has the potential of avoiding negotiating with multiple building owners, operators, and architects, which can streamline deployment. • Peter Horwath, of Insolcorp, presented on some of Insolcorp’s thermal storage solutions, including PCM ceiling panels. These panels improve the thermal mass of the building to help the entire building serve as an energy storage system. Horwath explained that these systems are relatively easy to install and can provide notable energy savings and improved comfort. Additionally, he discussed ventilation-air-based storage systems and water-loop-based storage systems. • Geoff Wickes, of the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance, shared expertise on grid- enabled water heaters for TES. Wickes studied the impacts of water heater curtailments on customer satisfaction and found that customers were generally unaffected by the 12

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