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Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop Report 10 SystemCost,Performance,andMarket Requirements System Costs Reduction • We need low-cost materials with desirable thermal properties. It may be necessary to work with materials that are $2/kWh or less. • Passive solutions in buildings materials are less common but may be lower-cost solutions. • There is a divide between system-level people and academics. What costs should material scientists achieve? This information could inform research directions. • A better understanding is needed of how to equally distribute both costs and value of TES to different stakeholders (e.g., utilities, building owners, HVAC manufacturers, HVAC contractors). • To provide TES for low- and moderate-income households, we must find a way to provide third-party ownership in the form of leases, power-purchase agreements, share- the-savings, or similar. Low- and moderate-income households are capital limited but can often produce revenue flows high enough to satisfy needs of capital providers. • Integrating TES into equipment at the factory can minimize custom engineering costs and installation costs at the building site. Field installation is also acceptable, but it should be standardized as much as possible to minimize engineering and installation cost. • It would be beneficial if cooling TES could also be used for heating in the winter, as this would increase the benefit/cost savings for a single asset, improving the economics. • There is a cost to determining the correct size of the TES and cooling system, and in showing the building owner how much it will save. Better tools could reduce this cost. This could also involve design guides and rules of thumb that improve intuition of designers and help them specify these TES systems. • The supply chain for custom components is expensive. Although the commercial and industrial markets often require custom components, the residential sector typically does not. Statistical studies of the needs of different house styles, size, etc. can be done, which could lead to building a product that will have a market potential of millions of units without customization, even while ignoring many other kinds of homes. • We can take lessons from the solar industry, which also started out as a small-scale fragmented industry. Rather than require building owners to cover the entire upfront costs of systems, the industry got access to capital by third-party financing and structures like power purchase agreements. We can replicate something like NREL’s Solar Access to Public Capital Working Group for the HVAC sector. 20PDF Image | 2021 Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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