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Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Buildings Workshop Report • Deploying low-cost envelope-embedded or geothermal methods can help make up for lower energy density TES. Non-Energy Benefits • Energy bills are a minor fraction of the operational costs of some commercial buildings. This can make for slower adoption when proposing technologies with purely energy efficiency benefits. • The impact that new technologies have on occupant comfort as well as indoor air quality improvements are typically underrepresented. Efforts should be taken to better quantify the influence of TES on these metrics. Sensors and Controls • Smart building automation systems will be required to ensure that TES technologies sync with other building systems and do not needlessly waste energy. • Controls are particularly important for thermal storage systems, as there are now two objectives: keep occupants comfortable (like other AC systems) and provide some load shaving, shifting, etc. • Continuous commissioning may be required to ensure correct operation over time. Controls also may need to change depending on the utility’s needs or rate structure. • Improved analytics including machine learning and AI are needed to better manage the loads and impact the grid. • Accurate accounting of system state of charge is needed, as well as communication back to the grid operation on the state of charge. • Optimizing heat pump controls for charging of TES could help us understand efficiency impacts of ambient conditions in addition to time-of-use rates. Stakeholder Confidence • Standardized methods are needed for certifying the performance and reliability of storage components and systems. Commissioning processes may be helpful in validating the nominal amount of energy and carbon savings of TES systems. • Some of the technologies are still experimental. There are no design rules to help guide developers for practical applications. • Simple models are needed for architects/engineers to understand the benefit of TES. • There is a need for more defined and clear language in codes and standards to provide guidelines during installation and safe operation of TES systems in building envelopes. 26PDF Image | 2021 Thermal Energy Storage Systems
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