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Arsenault – USABC, Judes – JCI III.A.4 Advanced High-Performance Batteries for PEV Applications 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 110% 90% 70% 50% 30% 10% ‐10% PL27M Baseline Calendar Life at 100%SOC 30C 45C 60C 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Days Figure III - 10: Baseline prismatic cell calendar life 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% ‐20% 60°C Calendar Life at 100% SOC Baseline at 4.1V Mid‐Program at 4.2V 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Days Figure III - 11: Mid-program cell calendar life at 60C Results by development area at month 18 (of 24) are presented below: Higher Energy Density Materials. Six suppliers of candidate nickel-rich NMC have been engaged and the materials (designated Cat_1 through Cat_6) are at various stages of testing. Different NMC stoichiometries have been evaluated to identify high energy materials with good power and life. The tests have shown that the high nickel NMC has low thermal stability. Despite high initial capacity, high nickel NMC suffers high capacity degradation and poor life at high temperatures. Several suppliers provided high nickel NMC with surface treatment, but this significantly increased cell resistance. Development activities have improved its capacity fade over initial versions, but end of life (EOL) capacity is lower than baseline (111) at EOL. Three NMC materials have been down-selected as candidates for the final design, the baseline material (Cat_1), Cat_2 NMC (442) and Cat_4 (improved 111). Lithium-rich layered-layered oxide cathode material was evaluated paired with a high voltage electrolyte in 1-3 Ah pouch cells. It has very poor capacity fade, and a large voltage fade during cycle life. Further work with it is not planned. FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 41 Energy Storage R&D Capacity Retention (%) Cell Resistance Increase (%) Resistance Increase (%) Capacity Retention (%)PDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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