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Groshek – USABC, Alamgir - LG Chem III.A.5 Development of a High-Performance PHEV Battery Pack 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 0 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Cycle Number 250 200 150 100 50 0 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 12 Anode Sample Number Ref_4.4 V 2ALD_4.4 V Ref_4.5 V 2ALD_4.5 V 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Cycle Number Figure III - 17: Effect of charge voltage and surface coatings on cycle-life. Top: Data showing the beneficial effect of ALD surface coating on the cycle-life at 45°C. The cell was charged at 0.5C and discharged at 1C. Bottom: When the charge voltage was raised to 4.5V, instead of 4.4V as in Top figure, there is a substantial decline in cycle-life Figure III - 18: Top) Effect of formation voltage on the amount of transition metal deposited on carbon anode. Sample 1 was formed at 4.6V. Sample 2 was formed at 4.4V. Note the significantly large quantity of Mn deposited at 4.6V. Bottom) Effect of surface coating on Mn dissolution. ALD coating reduces Mn dissolution both during formation as well as cycling The packs were subjected to automotive drive-cycles to assess their capability in thermally managing the cells during cycling. Figure III - 20 shows the data for a pack using a dual 12V compressor system and cycled at an ambient temperature of 40°C and US06 drive pattern. The data show that the cooling system was effective in maintaining the cell temperatures at around 32°C. It took ~30 mins to reach the steady-state. The bottom picture compares the efficiencies of packs using different compressors. The dual 12V system showed the best efficiency in cooling the packs. The steady-state, however, for all three packs were reached within ~30 mins. The cold-plate temperatures for the three systems are also plotted. A key observation from all our pack data is that the thermal system was efficient in cooling the cells and maintaining the modules within a narrow range of temperature. FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 47 Energy Storage R&D Form. 300cycle ICP Analysis on Anode Form. 300cycle Co Ni Mn Ref ALD Co Ni Mn Normalized Capacity (%) Normalized Capacity (%) TM concentration (ppm) TM Concentration (ppm)PDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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