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Bae – USABC, Juzkow – Leyden Energy III.A.8 Advanced, Lithium Ion, 12V Start-Stop Battery A rapid program timeline with development running 14 months until 3/31/14, including “A” sample prototype delivery in 14 months to designated National Labs enabling production “C” samples in 30 months. Approach Two major technical challenges of the program are the cold-cranking power at -30°C and high temperature cycle and calendar life. For the cold-cranking power, Leyden Energy’s approach is to optimize electrode thicknesses and press densities and formulate a low temperature electrolyte solvent base that allows for superior low temperature operation. The LTO system is unique compared to graphite anode batteries as it does not require high melting point ethylene carbonate (EC) as a solvent. EC is the biggest impediment to good low temperature performance. Electrolyte solvent base development approach is focused on a combination of propylene carbonate and butyrolactone with linear carbonates, low melting point esters and nitriles. Long cycle life and calendar life targets are addressed by employing Li-imideTM electrolyte with the additive packages designed to improve cycle life of LTO-LMO cells and, most importantly, surface treatments of LTO material. The reduction of electrolyte on the catalytically active surface of LTO is understood to be the main reason of high temperature power fade and gassing. Cell design, pack design, manufacturability and cost targets are addressed by close cooperation with our manufacturing partners. Leyden is leveraging Dow Kokam’s expertise in automated high volume cell manufacturing and Flextronics knowledge and experience in circuitry and pack development and manufacturing. Results Cold cranking and power capability. Leyden Energy has made significant progress since the beginning of this program in improving low temperature performance of the LTO-LMO cells as shown on Figure III - 25. We are meeting stringent USABC cold- cranking requirements in 2.2Ah cell prototypes at 100% and 50% SOC and are close to the target and maximum DOD as presented on Figure III - 26. Figure III - 25: Improvements in 100% SOC -30°C cold- cranking performance over the course of the program; recalculated to pack level Figure III - 26: Cold-cranking performance of 2.2Ah LTO-LMO prototype cells at various SOC; recalculated to pack level Improvements in cold-cranking performance were accompanied by an overall increase in rate capability that resulted in the ability of the cells to handle continuous 40C discharge (Figure III - 27) and superior power for auto-start function, i.e., ability of the system to deliver 1 sec 6kW pulses over a wide range of temperatures and SOC (Figure III - 28). FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 57 Energy Storage R&D Figure III - 27: Rate performance of 2.2Ah prototype cellsPDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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