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III.B Advanced Lithium Battery Cell Technology Technical Targets III.B.1 Silicon-Nanowire Based Lithium Ion Batteries for Vehicles with Higher Energy Density (Amprius) Bruce Mixer, NETL Program Manager Grant Recipient: Amprius Ionel Stefan, PhD, Principal Investigator 225 Humboldt Court Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Phone: (800) 425-8803 E-mail: ionel@amprius.com Subcontractors: Nissan, BASF, Yardney Technical Products Start Date: October 2011 Projected End Date: January 2015 Objectives Extend the cycle life and increase the capacity of Amprius’ silicon nanowire anodes. Identify electrolyte formulations that improve the performance of Amprius’ silicon nanowire. Design, build and test large format cells integrating Amprius’ silicon nanowire anodes with BASF’s NCM cathodes. Deliver large format cells that meet DOE goals for energy density, power density, cycle life and calendar life. Technical Barriers Development of silicon anodes capable of the long cycle life required for electric vehicles (EVs). Development of silicon anodes capable of the high loading as necessary for high energy density. Matching of silicon anodes with NCM cathodes capable of long cycle life and high energy density. Optimization of electrolyte formulations for long cycle life, high energy, and high conductivity over a wide temperature range. Production of silicon anodes and full cells in large vehicle form factors. Amprius will match its next generation silicon nanowire anode with BASF’s high-energy NCM cathode to demonstrate large format cells capable with: Energy density of at least 500 Wh/l. Power density of at least 500 W/l. Cycle life of 300-1,000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge. Calendar life of at least 5-10 years. A durable design for affordable mass production. Accomplishments Set anode, electrolyte and cathode performance targets. Confirmed the compatibility of Amprius’ silicon nanowire anodes with NCM cathodes. Improved anode design to enable longer silicon cycle life. Increased the cycle life of full cells matching silicon nanowire anodes with NCA and NCM cathodes. Identified additives that extend silicon cycle life. Improved the stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on the surface of the silicon electrode. Purchased and installed equipment to increase silicon nanowire anode production capabilities and enable the production of silicon nanowire anodes in larger form factors. Qualified the NCM cathode to be integrated into the baseline cells. Designed, built and delivered 18 baseline cells matching graphite anodes with NCM cathodes. Introduction Today’s lithium-ion batteries have very limited room to improve energy density or specific energy. Their active materials are used at energy capacities close to their theoretical limits and their packaging has been FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 63 Energy Storage R&DPDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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