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III.B.3 Innovative Cell Materials and Designs for 300 Mile Range EVs (Nanosys) John Tabacchi, NETL Program Manager Award Recipient - Nanosys, Inc. Yimin Zhu, Nanosys, Inc. – PD/PI 2625 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304 Phone: 650-331-2232; Fax: 408-240-6900 E-mail: yzhu@nanosysinc.com Subcontractor: A123 Systems 200 West Street Waltham, MA Start Date: October 2011 Projected End Date: September 2014 Objectives We propose to develop a 700~1,000 mAh/g Si anode (SiNANOdeTM) with a target cycle-life of >800, and an eventual goal of achieving an energy density of 1,600 mAh/g at the end of the program. An ideal target will be a cell with 350 Wh/kg and 800 Wh/L, which is capable of driving 300 miles on a single charge and achieving a cell level cost target of <$150/kWh. Technical Barriers In order for EVs to achieve mass adoption and make a significant dent in U.S and global CO2 production, the key problems of driving range per charge and cost per kWh must be addressed. Barriers addressed: Performance: Low Wh/kg & Wh/l. Life: Poor deep discharge cycle life. Cost: High $/kWh. Technical Targets Anode Targets: 700-1,000 mAh/g and > 800 cycle; 1,600 mAh/g as needed at end of the project. Cathode Targets: 255 mAh/g and >800 cycles; other well-performed cathode and >800 cycles at end of the project. Cell Targets: 350 Wh/kg, 800 Wh/L, <$150/kWh at end of the project. Accomplishments We have achieved the full cell cycling performance of >1,000 cycles using baseline SiNANOde and have been continuously improving it. We have demonstrated SiNANOde specific capacity as high as 1,678mAh/g with >92% first cycle coulombic efficiency. A 700 ~1,000 mAh/g SiNANOde has exhibited a cycle life of >700 cycles. We have produced SiNANOde on different graphite substrate using low cost precursors and improved material production uniformity. Pouch cells have showed an energy density of 250Wh/kg using 550mAh/g baseline SiNANOde and LCO baseline cathode. The pouch cells have showed acceptable cell thickness increase of < 14% over 300 cycles. SiNANOde cell’s self discharge and subsequent recharge is comparable to commercial graphite cells. The hysteresis effect is less pronounced for 8%SiNANOde full cell in comparison with 8%Si powder-graphite full cell. We have demonstrated the feasibility of using the SiNANOde and the improved cathode materials to make full cell with 300~400Wh/kg. We are optimizing SiNANOde electrode and other well-performed cathode to achieve higher electrode loading (3~5mAh/cm2 one side). We have developed a new electrolyte C1.1 that enables higher coulombic efficiency and hence improved cycling performance. Introduction Consumers have been frightened by high gasoline price at the pump reaching $4 or even $5/gallon. In the future, the biggest opportunities will be in fuel efficiency technologies for cars and light trucks. More and more people believe that batteries based on Li-ion technologies are the optimal solution for transportation. FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 69 Energy Storage R&DPDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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