PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 048
III.B.3 Innovative Cell Materials & Designs for EVs Tabacchi – NETL, Zhu – Nanosys The cell that we proposed with a novel SiNANOdeTM and composite cathode will significantly advance the current state-of-the-art in Li-ion technologies. Approach Innovative Approach. The objectives outlined above, will be accomplished by combining a high energy cathode technology with, SiNANOdeTM, a Si graphite composite. Cathode materials currently being used in PHEVs and EVs have a maximum capacity of ~150 mAh/g or less. We will use the well-performed cathode or the composite cathode containing a layered component with high specific capacity. The major technology innovations will be undertaken to accomplish the objectives of this effort are: 1. Improve SiNANOdeTM capacity from 650 mAh/g to 700~1,000 mAh/g in Phase I and to 1,600 mAh/g later. Graphite particle size and morphology will be further optimized to achieve this goal. 2. Achieve increased cycle-life from 220 to >800. To achieve this, innovative surface modification of the Si nanowire anode is required for improved stability and SEI formation. The electrolyte and binder chemistry will be optimized. 3. Achieve cell specific energy of 350 Wh/kg and energy density of 800 Wh/L by combining the above high energy anode and cathode materials. The baseline performance of the full cell at the onset of the effort is 210 Wh/kg and 400 Wh/L 4. Achieve cost reduction resulting in <$150/kWh (cell level). This will be achieved by moving from synthetic graphite ($35/kg) to natural graphite which is projected to be $5-$10/kg. Cost reduction will also be supported through increased efficiency in manufacturing processes and scale-up of both anode and cathode. Results Cycle Life Enhancement for 700~1000 mAh/g Anode. We have been continuously working on producing pilot-scale manufacturing quantities of SiNANOde. The specific capacity of ~650mAh/g has been achieved and SiNANOde half cells can be cycled more than 1,200 times with a capacity retention of > 85%. Using an LCO cathode, the SiNANOde was integrated in the full cells and exhibited ~350 cycles at ~76% capacity retention (see Figure III - 46), which still showed much higher anode-specific capacity over graphite anode. After 200 cycles SiNANOde full cell showed a capacity fade rate comparable to graphite full cell. Figure III - 46: Baseline SiNANOde/LCO full cell It is well known that OCV and SOC have a relationship based on the Nernst equation. As a peculiar problem for HEV battery, there is the voltage hysteresis phenomenon, in which measured OCV after charge (discharge) is higher (lower) than the estimated OCV by Nernst equation. This voltage hysteresis has been modeled by adding simple voltage modification term to the Nernst equation, by using a SOC-dependent voltage source including hysteresis. These method needs history information whether battery has been charged or discharged. And SOC and OCV no longer has a one-to- one relationship. Minimizing the voltage hysteresis is certainly critical. With the full cell SiNANOde/LCO this cell voltage hysteresis has been evaluated. Our SiNANOde cell voltage hysteresis effect is much less pronounced (<0.1V). The hysteresis effect is less pronounced for 8%SiNANOde/LCO full cell in comparison with 8%Si powder-graphite/LCO full cell (see Figure III - 47). 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 SiNANOde Full Cell vs. Graphite Full Cell SiNANOde Cell Graphite Cell 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Cycle Number 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 Voltage Hysteresis SiNANOde Chg SiNANOde Dchg Si Powder-Gr Chg Si Powder Dchg 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 SOC (%) Energy Storage R&D 70 FY 2013 Annual Progress Report Figure III - 47: Voltage hysteresis of SiNANOde and Si powder-graphite full cells We have made improvement in the specific capacity of SiNANOde of up to 850mAh/g of reversible capacity. We further improved the conductivity of SiNANOde to optimize the SiNANOde material, which has showed longer cycling life of ~700 cycles at 81% OCV_3hrs (V) Normalized Dchg CapacityPDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
PDF Search Title:
Advanced Battery DevelopmentOriginal File Name Searched:
APR13_Energy_Storage_d_III_Adv_Battery_Dev_0.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Sand Battery Sand and Paraffin for TES Thermo Energy Storage More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)