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Tabacchi – NETL, Zhu – Nanosys III.B.3 Innovative Cell Materials & Designs for EVs capacity retention at 0.3C cycling in half cells (see Figure III - 48). It should be noted that at beginning the cell has been used for various C-rate testings. 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 0 50 100150200250300350400450500550600650700 Cycle Figure III - 48: SiNANOde half cell with 700~1000mAh/g Figure III - 50: Uniform Si nanowire distribution on graphite powders for 700mAh/g (Left) and >1600mAh/g (Right) To improve the cathode materials, its surface has been modified in various ways to enhance capacity, see Figure III - 51 (Top). The ICE of the cathode electrode can be improved by optimizing its electrode composition in Figure III - 51 (Middle). Those improvements result in enhancement of its C-rate performance (Figure III - 51, Bottom). Formation Profile Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Enhanced Si Capacity 1,600 mAh/g Anode. We are improving the high specific capacity of SiNANOde and obtained ca. 1,678mAh/g. The first coulombic efficiency is still more than 92%, shown in Figure III - 49. Various binders have been used to achieve better cycling performance (ongoing). Even though the specific capacity has been increased up to >1,600mAh/g 3.0 the Si nanowires can also be uniformly distributed on the graphite powders, shown in Figure III - 50. This 2.5 proves that the SiNANOde production approach allows Si-content to be tuned in a wide range to meet various 2.0 application requirements. 4.5 4.0 3.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Capacity (mAh/g) 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 High Specific Capacity SiNANOde 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 Specific Capacity (mAh/g) 4800 4600 4400 4200 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Specific Capacity (mAh/g) 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Cycle 0.1C 0.5C 0.5C 1C 2C Sample B Sample A Figure III - 49: >1600mAh/g SiNANOde’s voltage profile Optimization of Cathode Composition. We have tested Mn-rich cathode materials in coin half cells to confirm their electrochemical performance, so that the optimal cathode will be combined with Si anode, SiNANOde. FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 71 Energy Storage R&D Figure III - 51: Voltage profiles and rate capabilities of cathode candidates Discharge capacity (mAh/g) Voltage (V) Capacity, mAh/g Voltage (mV) Voltage (V)PDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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