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III.B.4 High Energy Novel Cathode/Alloy Automotive Cell Tabacchi – NETL, Singh – 3M electrodes, across the complete cell voltage range, to eliminate any parasitic reactions. Approach The 3M team has been leveraging its expertise in R&D of lithium-ion batteries to develop a high energy cell using synergistically matched anode and cathode electrodes. To achieve the goal, a three phase approach has been taken. The phases are: Phase 1 - V erify baseline materials performance, and select advanced cell material candidates for further evaluation and optimization. Phase II - Integrate individual optimized materials into full cells and optimization of EV test cell. Results Phase III – Perform final optimization of integrated advanced materials in EV test cells, complete cell evaluation, fabrication of final cells and submission of final cells to National Labs. Table III - 13: Cathode Energy Factor comparison of different cathodes when matched to graphite or a Si composite Oxide LCO LCO NCA Capacity 0.179 0.179 0.196 X Density 3.75 3.75 3.5 X Voltage 3.99 3.99 3.78 X Irrev Factor 0.95 0.88 0.97 = Cathode Energy Factor 2.54 (graphite) 2.36 (alloy) 2.51 (graphite) Cathode Material Development. The team has successfully developed a core shell (C/S) based high energy cathode material. Table III - 13 compares the two developed cathode material with baseline NMC material. 126T shows >35% CEF increase over the baseline. The capacity of the core shell cathode along with its flat cycling performance is shown in Figure III - 61. Electronics Automotive Core-Shell NMC 0.160 3.3 NMC 0.160 3.3 126M 0.230 3.4 126T 0.220 3.4 3.90 0.98 3.90 0.95 3.84 0.95 3.88 1.00 2.01 (graphite) 1.96 (alloy) 2.85 (alloy) 2.90 (alloy) Figure III - 61: Material Validation in coin cells vs. Li The material shows a stable voltage profile and less average discharge voltage fade during cycle life testing than the oxygen loss cathode materials. Figure III - 62 shows the data. Energy Storage R&D 76 FY 2013 Annual Progress ReportPDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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