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Johnson – NETL, Wang – PSU III.B.6 Development of High-Energy Lithium Sulfur Cells Ah discharge capacity after 5 cycles, dropping to 0.95 Ah after 16 cycles, corresponding to an energy density of just 110 Wh/kg. In contrast, cells with LiP anodes and the same cathode and electrolyte showed more promising performance. The 0.34 Ah designed capacity pouch cell maintained a capacity of 0.32 Ah after 36 cycles, although efficiency was relatively low. 1.5 Ah design capacity pouch cells showed a discharge capacity of ~1.7 Ah – higher than the designed capacity – after 5 cycles, although the capacity decreased to ~1.2-1.3 Ah after 12 cycles. This fading and relatively low efficiency may be due to consumption of LiNO3 in the cells. Performance of example cells with Li foil and LiP anodes is shown in Figure III - 70. Conclusions and Future Directions 2.5 100 2.0 80 1.5 60 1.0 40 0.5 20 0.0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Li foil/S #2 Design capacity: 1.51 Ah Cu current collector Baseline electrolyte Charge Discharge Efficiency 1000 800 600 400 200 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Cycle number (a) Moving into the next year of this project, continued work will focus most heavily on pouch cell development and optimization. Further work on improving reliability and compatibility of the newest electrolytes and scaling up high-performance material production will continue, as will their testing in pouch cells. In addition, we will proceed to work on 4 Ah pouch cells and continue to optimize design parameters such as N/P ratio and electrode pressing. Concurrently, material development will continue in an effort to further improve cell 2.5 performance. Safety evaluations, such as nail penetration and oven tests, will also be conducted. 2.0 00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 FY 2013 Annual Progress Report 85 Energy Storage R&D Cycle number (b) FY 2013 Publications/Presentations Journal Publications 1. Xu, T., Song, J. X., Gordin, M. L., Sohn, H. S., Yu, Z. X., Chen, S. R., Wang, D. H. Mesoporous Carbon-Carbon Nanotube-Sulfur Composite Microspheres for High-Areal-Capacity Lithium- Sulfur Battery Cathodes, ACS Applied Materials & Interface, 2013, DOI: 10.1021/am4035784. 2. Song, J. X., Xu, T., Gordin, M. L., Zhu, P. Y., Lv, D. P., Jiang, Y-B, Chen, Y. S., Duan Y. H., Wang, D. H. Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Promoted Chemical Adsorption of Sulfur and Fabrication of High-Areal-Capacity Sulfur Cathode with Exceptional Cycling Stability for Lithium- Sulfur Batteries, Advanced Functional Materials, 2013, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.20130263. 3. Chen,S.R.,DaiF.,Gordin,M.L.,Wang,D.H. Exceptional electrochemical performance of rechargeable Li-S batteries with polysulfide- containing electrolyte, RSC Advances 2013, 3, 3540. 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 100 80 60 40 20 0 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 0 5 10 15 Cycle number (c) 0 5 10 15 Cycle number (d) Figure III - 70: Cycling performance, efficiency, sulfur- specific capacity, and energy density of 1.5 Ah design capacity pouch cells with a), b) Li foil and c), d) LiP anodes, using PSU-3 cathodes and 1M LiTFSI and 0.4M LiNO3 in DOL/DME (1:1, v/v) electrolyte Li foil/S #2 Design capacity: 1.51 Ah Cu current collector Baseline electrolyte S capacity Cell specific energy LiP/S #2 Design Capacity: 1.47 Ah Cu current collector Baseline electrolyte LiP/S #2 Design capacity: 1.47 Ah Cu current collector Baseline electrolyte Charge Discharge Efficiency S capacity Cell specific energy S capacity (mAh/g) Capacity (Ah) S capacity (mAh/g) Capacity (Ah) Coulombic efficiency, % Specific energy (Wh/kg) Coulombic efficiency, % Specific energy (Wh/kg)PDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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