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III.D.2 New High-Energy Nanofiber Anode Materials Mixer – NETL, Zhang – NCSU 100 95 900 10 20 30 40 50 Si/C anode 7 cycles Al2O3-coated Si/C anode 14 cycles Al2O3-coated Si/C anode 21 cycles Al2O3-coated Si/C anode 28 cycles Al2O3-coated Si/C anode 60 70 80 90 100 110 (C) The above are just two examples of the approaches that we used in the project year to improve the overall performance of Si/C composite nanofiber anodes. This year’s results demonstrate that we have achieved the project objective of using electrospinning technology to integrate dissimilar materials (silicon and carbon) into novel composite nanofiber anodes, which simultaneously have large energy density, high powder capability, reduced cost, and improved abuse tolerance. FY 2013 Publications/Presentations Cycle number Figure III - 104: Columbic efficiencies of Si/C composite nanofiber anodes and Al2O3-coated Si/C composite nanofiber anodes ALD Al2O3 coating tunes the electrochemical performance of Si-based anode materials from both physical and chemical aspects, as shown in Figure III - 105. Firstly, the ALD Al2O3 coating has strong physical/mechanical restrain effects on the Si/C composite nanofibers since the coating might transfer the stress of Si nanoparticle expansion from radial direction to in-plane restrain when the Si nanoparticle is partly exposed on the surface. As a result, due to the presence of disordered carbon structure or voids, the buffer effect of carbon matrix could be well realized by restricting the expansion of silicon to the carbon nanofiber (Figure III - 105A). Secondly, the ALD Al2O3 coating may act as a barrier for further side reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte (Figure III - 105B). The role of a chemical barrier combined with the reasonable mechanical properties makes the Al2O3 coating an artificial but strong and stable SEI-like structure to improve the cycling performance and Columbic efficiency of Si-based anode. Figure III - 105: Schematic of (A) Physical/Mechanical, (B) Chemical protective effect of the ALD Al2O3 coating 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Kun Fu, Leigang Xue, Ozkan Yildiz, Shuli Li, Hun Lee, Ying Li, Guanjie Xu, Lan Zhou, Philip D. Bradford, and Xiangwu Zhang, “Effect of CVD Carbon Coatings on Si@CNF Composite as Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries,” Nano Energy, 2, 976- 986, 2013. Shuli Li, Leigang Xue, Kun Fu, Xin Xia, Chengxin Zhao, and Xiangwu Zhang, “High-performance Sn/Carbon Composite Anodes Derived from Sn(II) Acetate/Polyacrylonitrile Precursors by Electrospinning Technology,” Current Organic Chemistry, 17, 1448-1454 (2013). Leigang Xue, Kun Fu, Ying Li, Guanjie Xu, Yao Lu, Shu Zhang, Ozan Toprakci, and Xiangwu Zhang, “Si/C Composite Nanofibers with Stable Electric Conductive Network for Use as Durable Lithium-Ion Battery Anode,” Nano Energy, 2, 361- 367 (2013). Ying Li, Guanjie Xu, Yingfang Yao, Leigang Xue, Shu Zhang, Yao Lu, Ozan Toprakci, and Xiangwu Zhang, “Improvement of Cyclability of Silicon- Containing Carbon Nanofiber Anodes for Lithium- Ion Batteries by Employing Succinic Anhydride as an Electrolyte Additive,” Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 17, 1393-1399 (2013). Leigang Xue, Guanjie Xu, Ying Li, Shuli Li, Kun Fu, Quan Shi, and Xiangwu Zhang, “Carbon- Coated Si Nanoparticles Dispersed in Carbon Nanotube Networks as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5, 21-25 (2013). Ying Li, Guanjie Xu, Leigang Xue, Shu Zhang, Yingfang Yao, Yao Lu, Ozan Topracki, and Xiangwu Zhang, “Enhanced Rate Capability by Employing Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun Si/C Composite Nanofibers as Binder-Free Anodes,” Journal of Electrochemical Society, 160, A528-A534 (2013). Xiangwu Zhang, “A Nanofiber Approach to Advanced Energy Storage,” Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, March 2013. Energy Storage R&D 108 FY 2013 Annual Progress Report Coulombic efficiencyPDF Image | Advanced Battery Development
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