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International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 2, No. 6, December 2011 their volume. Thus, if the TESD is placed in a sealed container in its solid phase, empty space equivalent to its volume expansion must be kept in the container. Considering the above, it can be generalized that materials with high density but very small change in density at the phase change temperature are attractive TESDs. F. • • • • • • • • Required Properties of a PCM High latent heat of fusion per unit mass, so that a lesser amount of material stores a given amount of energy. High specific heat that provides additional sensible heat storage effect and also avoid sub cooling High density, so that a smaller container can hold the material. A melting point in the desired operating temperature range. The phase change material should be non-poisonous, non-flammable and non-explosive. No chemical decomposition, so that the (TESS) system life is assured. PCM should exhibit little or no super cooling during freezing. No corrosiveness to construction material. Fig. 1. Schematic view of the TESD To solve some of the problems inherent in inorganic PCMs, interest has to be tuned towards a new class of material substances such as paraffins, fatty acids and polyethylene glycol. Those materials were more costly than common salt hydrates and they have somewhat lower heat storage capacity per unit volume. V. PROPOSED MODEL A mechanical set up of a coolant box with an inlet and outlet pipe is taken. The PCM material is filled inside the PCM container which is placed in the middle of the coolant heat exchanger as in Fig.1. The coolant water that flows round the engine enters the coolant box with a velocity (V1) temperature (T1) and at a pressure (P1). The coolant water transfers heat within itself to attain an equilibrium temperature as a result of the convection. Conduction of heat takes place at the interface of coolant water and the PCM container which in turn conducts the heat to the PCM material. The PCM material now absorbs heat till its latent heat of fusion is reached. Phase change occurs now. After the phase change occurs, convection of heat takes place within the melted PCM till equilibrium is reached. The heat stored within the PCM can be later on used in purpose of heating up of the engine again while starting up initially. A. Location of TESD The basic scheme of the TESD connection to the cooling system of the engine is in Fig.2. The TESD can be connected to the engine water jacket. During charge period, liquid moves through the TESD, the water jacket of the engine and radiator with the help of the water pump of engine. During discharging, because the thermostat is closed cooling liquid moves through only the TESD and the water jacket of the engine with the help of the electrical pump. The TESS for preheating of the engine consists of the TESD. Fig 2. Position of TESD in Engine System B. Grid Generation and Numerical Solutions by Fluent 6.2 CFD techniques consist of numerical solutions of mass, Momentum and energy conservation with other equations like species transport. Solution to CFD problems is obtained in two main stages. The PCM volume is divided into small control volumes called mesh in the first stage. The structure of the TESD is created with the PCM storage tank inside it. Using Boolean operations of subtraction in Gambit, we subtracted the PCM volume from the TESD volume. This volume was meshed as shown in Fig.3. 439PDF Image | Analysis of PCM Material in Thermal Energy Storage
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