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Annual Review of Heat Transfer, Vol. 15, p.131-177 https://doi.org/10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.2012004651 It is important to note that the specific storage costs can be reduced considerably, when the storage is implemented in systems with larger temperature differences, as the capacity of a molten salt storage is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the hot and the cold tank. In this context, the commercial solar tower power plant Gemasolar in Andalusia, Spain is an example. The plant utilizes a direct storage concept. The construction of the plant was completed in 2010 and the start of operation is scheduled for 2011 (Torresol Energy 2011). In this power plant, the first commercial direct two-tank system will be realized. The Andasol power plants are large-scale examples of the indirect storage concept. Indirect storage in liquid media allows the separation of storage medium and heat exchanger, the size of the heat exchanger is only determined by the necessary power and not by the capacity of the storage unit. Since the area-specific power density is higher, liquid storage media usually require smaller heat exchangers than solid storage media with embedded heat exchangers. A significant advantage of liquid media storage is the simple operation strategy, because the temperature can easily be kept constant during the discharge process. The advantage of using molten salt storage systems is the availability of experiences from the Solar Two project. Since this concept is considered as already proven, it was selected for the Andasol power plants using parabolic trough technology (Kelly 2006). The schematic layout of the plant is shown in Figure 8. Solar field 385°C Hot Salt Tank Storage system 290°C Cold Salt Tank Synthetic oil loop Turbine G Condensor Figure 8: Parabolic trough power plant with indirect storage system using molten salt. At present, the two-tank molten salt storage is the only commercially available concept for large thermal capacities being suitable for solar thermal power plants. In the Andasol I plant 28500 tons of molten solar salt are stored in two tanks with a total volume of 32600 m3 and the temperature operation range is between 385 and 290 °C. It presents a 7.5 h storage system providing energy to generate 50 MW electrical power. Plant operation was started in 2009 (Relloso 2009). Based on the favorable experience with the Andasol storage systems the molten salt storage approach is applied to Andasol II and III plants as well to further parabolic trough plants in Spain. Detailed characteristics and experience with the two-tank system are well documented (Relloso 2009, Kolb 2010). Figure 9 shows the main expense fractions of an indirect tow tank molten salt storage. This shows that the salt inventory and the tanks have significant cost reduction potentials. Oil / Salt Heat exchanger Steam generatorPDF Image | Annual Review of Heat Transfer
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