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Annual Review of Heat Transfer, Vol. 15, p.131-177 https://doi.org/10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.2012004651 indicates that the overall system performance should be considered. In other words, the consideration of the single chemical reaction rather than the overall system can be misleading. A sorption process can be considered to be a chemical reaction system based on weaker chemical bonds than the covalent bonds encountered in other systems. In a sorption heat storage system, the sorbent is heated during the charging process and vapor is desorbed from the sorbent. During discharging, vapor at a lower temperature is adsorbed (solid sorbent) or absorbed (liquid sorbent) and heat at a higher temperature level can be released. In the following, thermochemical storage systems are classified by the three physical phases of the reversible reactions into solid, liquid and gas reactions (Figure 18). At the time of writing, most commonly solid-gas reactions are considered (Section 4.1). Liquid-gas (Section 4.2) and gas-gas reactions (Section 4.3) have been also examined. Figure 18: Classification of thermochemical energy storage by the reaction type. 4.1. Solid-gas reactions Certain solid compounds can undergo dissociation reactions when they are heated. A gas is released while the depleted solid remains in the reactor (endothermic reaction, i.e., charging of the store). The parasitic reverse reaction will occur spontaneously if the equilibrium is changed by a temperature decrease or a pressure increase. Therefore, the dissociation products have to be separated and stored individually. For discharge, in the exothermic reaction, the gas is recombined with the solid. In general there are various types of gas-solid reaction systems that can be used for thermochemical energy storage. Among them are the following: Dehydration of metal salt hydrates (application in the range of 40 – 260 °C) Dehydration of metal hydroxides (application in the range of 250 – 600 °C) Dehydrogenation of metal hydrides (application in the range of 80 – 400 °C) Decarboxilation of metal carbonates (application in the range of 100 – 950 °C) Thermal desoxygenation of metal oxides (application in the range of 600 – 1000 °C) Table 9 shows material systems with a solid-gas reaction of the type A(s) B(s) + C(g), where the subscript (s) defines a solid and (g) is a gas. The table shows the temperature of reaction Tr and the heat of reaction related to the educt reactant Δhr,educt per mass and volume, as wellPDF Image | Annual Review of Heat Transfer
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