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Common Applications Domestic hot water heating District heating and cooling Solar thermal heating plants Building heating and cooling systems Industrial process applications Example Applications Figure 3. Chilled water storage tank [3] EERA Joint Program on Energy Storage - SP3 on Thermal Energy Storage It is estimated that by 2050 more than 80 percent of Europe’s population will live in urban areas [4]. Urban areas are particularly suitable for installation of district heating and cooling networks. Since the demand for heating and cooling changes during the day and throughout the year, thermal energy storage will have to be integrated with these systems for energy-efficient operation. Water heat storage tanks, water pit storage as well as aquifer and borehole storage are suitable for use in district heating and cooling systems. 1. District heating and cooling Figure 4. District heating CHP plant with 5500 m3 water heat storage. 2. Low-temperature solar thermal systems Most solar thermal systems need TES to operate efficiently. Small residential solar thermal systems mostly employ water tank TES. Packed rock beds can be used in solar air heating systems. A variety of TES system exists for central solar plants. These include water tanks, pit storage, aquifers and boreholes. A new world’s largest solar heating plant is commissioned almost every year and thus the demand for low-temperature sensible heat storage in solar thermal systems is increasing. Figure 5. Solar heating plant and pit storage [5]. Due to the number of TES system installations, the building sector represents the most common application of low- temperature sensible heat TES. Water tank storage systems are used in domestic hot water heating, hydronic space heating and chilled water air-conditioning systems. The thermal capacity of building stractures can also be employed for TES. Boreholes under a building can be used for rejection of heat from air-conditioning systems in summer and as a heat source for heat pumps in winter. 3. Buildings Figure 6. Borehole thermal energy storage [6]. References 1. D. Mangold & T. Schmidt, 2009. 2. Austin Energy, accessed July 2018. 3. Araner, accessed July 2018. 4. United Nations, 2015. 5. Ramboll, accessed July 2018. 6. A, Hesaraki et al., 2015. Contact JP Energy Storage SP3 - Thermal Energy Storage http://eera-es.eu European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) Rue de Namur, 72 1000 Brussels | Belgium http://eera-es.eu/PDF Image | Brochure on Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
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