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Energies 2022, 15, 6398 13 of 23 In heating stage IV, due to the low water temperature, it was decided to feed the pool heating nodes. Lowering the temperature to 35 ◦C allows a maximum of 3700 kW of thermal power to be taken from the geothermal water, out of a design capacity of 9459 kW. This means that, in the event of the most unfavorable external conditions and the operation of the remaining receivers at a nominal capacity, there is not enough heat available to fully heat the pools without disconnecting the heat receivers that are operating at higher parameters (stages I–III). For this reason, it was decided to use an installation with a buffer tank—heat storage—which is described below. In this way, in the event of lower power demand, heat can be stored in the demand valleys and used when nominal operating conditions occur. Downline of the IV heating stage, some of the geothermal water is vented (withdrawn) to feed the B8 pool. Therefore, the geothermal water flux at this point decreases by 1.75 kg/s, causing the available thermal power in the remaining flux to decrease by 256.9 kW. After Stage V, the geothermal water has a temperature of 33.3 ◦C, which means that it still has some potential energy, but is only suitable for supplying low-temperature receivers. The demand analysis assumes 555 kW for de-icing the car park, but the potential for this low-temperature heat is much greater. By cooling the geothermal water to 12.7 ◦C, 3672 kW of low-quality heat is available. This can be used, for example, to heat the pavements and the car park, to maintain the water temperature in the B15 swimming pool, or to regulate the water temperature in the heating circuits (when it is too high) by mixing. At the end of the process line, there is an injection pump with an electrical output of 155.5 kW, ensuring that the water reaches parameters that allow it to return to the ground. 4. Results and Discussion 4.1. ORC Geothermal Boiler Plant with Water Turbine An ORC system working with a geothermal source, unlike photovoltaic cells or wind turbines, is an example of a RES with high availability and flexibility of operation [33,34]. These are units with a low sensitivity to load changes and are thus characterized by a wide range of stable operations (the technical minimum is estimated at 10% of the nominal load). They are equipped with an automatic start-up, grid synchronization, and shutdown system, making their operation more convenient in terms of operating costs. ORC systems are based on the Clausius–Rankine cycle, widely used in thermal power plants, which uses low-boiling agents, often referred to as organic agents, instead of water [35–37]. The substitution of water by the above agents becomes expedient at the time of supplying this type of plant with heating of relatively low quality (mainly due to the temperature of the upper heat source), at which point the implementation of the transformation cycle be- comes impossible due to the unfavorable parameters of water, from the point of view of the cooperation of machinery and power equipment and the economics of power generation. Significantly, however, these unfavorable parameters—within the same temperature range of the installation—are not characterized by the selected low-boiling compounds, which allow a true right-hand cycle to be realized within the accepted technical realities. The choice of the right working medium for an ORC plant plays a significant role in optimizing its operation from the point of view of energy conversion efficiency. ORC technology within the heat source under consideration (geothermal water at a temperature of approx. 88 ◦C) is proposed to be realized with one of the following operating mediums: R1234yf, R1234ze, or R227ea, where the physicochemical properties and characteristic transformations are favourable, from the point of view of heat recovery, with a temperature not exceeding 100 ◦C. These are relatively safe agents from the point of view of the risk of intensifying the greenhouse effect and the risk of enlarging the hole in the ozone layer. The upper heat source, in this case, will be the thermal water from the borehole, which, by transferring heat to the compressed working medium, will cause its heating and evaporation (to saturated steam at 80 ◦C and saturation pressure, related to the technically limited temperature drop in the evaporator). The lower heat source, on the otherPDF Image | Combined Renewable Energy Resources System Geothermal
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