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Energies 2022, 15, 6398 17 of 23 4.4. Electricity Storage Energy storage is at the heart of intelligent energy management. It integrates all the energy sources available in the installation and makes them available to the user in a way and at a time that suits them. The energy store itself performs the management functions automatically by means of intelligent software and its connection to energy meters. The most important priority is to minimize drawdown from the grid or to configure it in such a way that electricity is drawn during the night and released during the day, for example. Such functions are seamlessly implemented by the energy store. The available energy storage functionality is as follows: - The expansion is modular and scalable; - A long service life and a high number of operating cycles; - High operating efficiency; - Energy management for charging stations; - Peak power management; - Energy consumption control for photovoltaic installations; - Peak-shaving, i.e., the limitation of peak loads beyond 15 min to avoid higher charges when overconsumption occurs at the time of supply restrictions by the distribution system operator; - Remote access to data and monitoring is made possible via the internet. The HGS system proposes an energy storage system using lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 996 kWh and 500 kW, along with an energy management system (SPS-R500). The stored energy from RES sources during peak-demand periods will reduce the need for power and electricity to be drawn from the grid. The system will also install car chargers, which will be powered by photovoltaic cells and/or energy storage. 4.5. Heat Storage (Buffer) The proposed concept is mainly aimed at confirming the possibility of obtaining the assumed district heating capacities resulting from the identified or estimated instantaneous power demand, during the operation of the facility in periods of peak heat demand. The proposed solutions may, therefore, require some reorganization of the operation of the exchanger system—above all, to carry out exergetic optimization, allowing fuller exploitation of the heating potential of the available geothermal intake. For this reason, it is proposed that the facility equips the system with a buffer tank, allowing heat (water at a temperature of approx. 70 ◦C) to be stored, e.g., in the valleys of the facility’s heat demand, and then diverted to the peak circuit or used to correct the parameters of individual circuits. This forms the basis for rationalizing the operation of the district heating system and exploiting the potential of the geothermal borehole. A schematic of the proposed installation is shown in Figure 7. A tee was added to the process line described in Section 3.2 (Figure 5) upstream of the first heating stage, to divert some or all of the geothermal water flow to a buffer tank, which acts as heat storage. Assuming a constant flow of 160 t/h of geothermal water at a temperature of 78 ◦C (after cooling in the ORC evaporator), over a period of 12 h and its cooling, in the above-mentioned heat store, to a temperature of 50 ◦C (which, in simplified terms, will form the basis for direct feeding of the swimming pool technology), the maximum thermal capacity of the reservoir would be just over 225 GJ (in the case of smaller reservoir volumes, a conversion factor of 672 MJ/K/h can be used, i.e., 672 MJ of heat at a temperature at least a few degrees lower than the outlet temperature of the geothermal water for each hour of charging the accumulator, for each 1 K of cooling of the heating medium). The cooperation of the system with the heat storage using, inter alia, the PTES (pit thermal energy storage) technology is part of the energy storage policy, also in the form of heat [46,47]. This is related to the regulation of supply between the peaks and valleys of demand, mentioned, inter alia, in the document “Energy Policy of Poland until 2040” [48].PDF Image | Combined Renewable Energy Resources System Geothermal
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