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A MATERIALS-BASED APPROACH TO ADVANCING ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES The system economics, technical performance, and design of current energy storage technologies do not adequately meet the wide-ranging needs of the electric power industry. The high cost, low energy capacity, low efficiency, and current complexity of many of today’s storage technologies present major obstacles to the production scale-up and integration of storage devices at grid scale. The materials composing these technologies determine the majority of their performance specifications. Advancing materials, their processing, and the devices into which they are integrated will be critical to meeting the needs of the electric power industry and the performance targets of priority grid storage applications. Material selection will play an essential role in making storage technologies affordable, efficient, and reliable options for addressing the increasing demand for electricity and penetration of renewables-based generation. ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE OPTIMIZATION THROUGH MATERIALS ADVANCES Addressing energy storage system economics, technical performance, and design issues requires advanced materials research and development. While the necessary research and development activities focus on understanding and developing materials coupled with designing, developing, and demonstrating components and systems, there is also recognition that this work needs to be done in the context of strategic materials selection and innovative system design. STRATEGIC MATERIALS SELECTION implies that while significant cost reduction in storage is paramount and materials make up the largest portion of system cost, it is critical that storage devices utilize materials that are both low in cost and abundant in the United States. New materials development can expand the options available to equipment developers, potentially offering important cost and performance advantages. INNOVATIVE DESIGNS of storage technologies can drive the development of devices that can be affordably manufactured at grid scale. If a storage technology design is unnecessarily complex, it will be difficult and costly to put automated manufacturing and quality control processes into place. System design also ensures that control systems and power electronics enable efficient, secure, and reliable interoperability with the electric grid. FOCUS AREAS OF MATERIALS ADVANCEMENTS Continuous basic and applied research supporting both new and existing energy storage technologies will provide the advancements needed to deliver affordable storage devices that meet utility needs. While each storage technology has its own specific limitations and potential solutions, several key focuses in the advanced materials area could significantly encourage commercial success: n BASIC MATERIALS RESEARCH – Current energy storage devices utilize only a small portion of the extensive electrochemical materials combinations available for use, so it is likely that more effective, safe, inexpensive, and robust combinations exist. Energy storage device experts need to explore the potential of lower-cost and more readily available materials such as iron, aluminum, magnesium, and copper for use in energy storage technologies. MATERIALS-BASED APPROACH TO ADVANCING ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 15PDF Image | Devices for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage Applications
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