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comparison is based on gross power block output during TES discharge adjusted for TES parasitic losses in both charge, discharge and standby modes. Table 1 displays calculated parasitic losses for an EnergyNest and molten salt TES for the case of nominal charge/discharge. The design conditions for nominal energy input of 1300 MWhth considers a charge of 8h:45m, a discharge of 11h:15m and a stand-by period of 4h:00m for both TES systems. TABLE 1. TES systems parasitic losses and power block output with design conditions of 1300 MWhth discharge. Parameter Gross power block output HTF pumps; charge (additional HTF for TES) HTF pumps; discharge Salt pumps & auxiliaries; charge Salt pumps & auxiliaries; discharge Salt auxiliaries; stand-by (4 hours) Gross power block output – TES parasitic losses Unit MWhel MWhel MWhel MWhel MWhel MWhel MWhel EnergyNest 480.4 -17.2 -17.3 445.9 Molten salt 492.7 -16.8 -16.1 -8.4 -8.8 -1.8 440.8 Performance has been simulated over four days with variable solar energy; one day with nominal energy and three part-load days. HTF outlet temperature from the solar field is assumed to be 391 °C at all times, whereas the HTF discharge temperature from molten salt is assumed to be 379 °C. Figure 9 shows the HTF inlet/outlet temperature for EnergyNest TES and Table 2 presents a comparison of the gross and net output for both TES systems. The parasitic losses during nominal conditions (Table 1) of charge and discharge are converted to specific losses in MWhel/MWhth and stand-by losses are converted to specific losses in MWel. These specific losses are then used to calculate overall parasitic losses for the three part-load days based on energy charged/discharged and number of stand-by hours. The total electricity output is 1.6 % higher from EnergyNest TES than from molten salt TES due to significantly reduced parasitic losses, mainly due to the avoidance of electricity consumed by the salt pumps and stand-by heat tracing. Future work related to performance evaluation will include: 1) Effect of varying HTF inlet temperatures on solar field efficiency 2) the use of a more accurate model of a 50 MWel power block representing modern CSP plants, 3) days with above nominal energy available for TES, 4) heat losses from the TES systems, and 5) parasitic losses calculated for part load operation. FIGURE 9. Simulated HTF temperature profile for EnergyNest 1300 MWhth TES for four days with variable solar conditions. Charge/ Day discharge [MWhth] 1 1300 2 629 3 757 4 465 TOTAL 3151 TABLE 2. Performance comparison of EnergyNest vs. molten salt EnergyNest Molten salt Gross el. – TES parasitic [MWhel] 440.8 209.7 254.1 152.0 1056.6 Stand-by hours [h] Gross el. [MWhel] 4 480.4 10 230.8 8 279.7 14 166.6 Gross el. – TES parasitic [MWhel] 445.9 214.1 259.6 154.3 1073.9 Gross el. [MWhel] 492.7 238.4 286.9 176.2 080011-7PDF Image | EnergyNest thermal energy storage (TES) technology
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