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SUMMARY The demonstrated and measured performance of the 2 x 500 kWhth thermal energy storage pilot plant matches the predictions from numerical simulations; the testing proves the practical and operational feasibility of the EnergyNest concrete-based TES. Measured HTF temperature and mass flow after more than 1000 hours of cycling operation shows stable and repetitive performance. The difference between simulated performance versus measured sensor data is nearly indistinguishable which proves that the solid-state storage medium performance is constant with no sign of degradation. Moreover, simulations of large scale systems indicate that overall CSP plant performance can be improved by using EnergyNest type TES rather than conventional two-tank, indirect, molten salt TES. The EnergyNest technology allows for simple, low cost, modular and fully scalable TES systems using solid-state storage medium. It is ideally suited for CSP plants and many other energy storage applications. The excellent thermal and mechanical properties of the special solid-state storage medium significantly improve performance over prior concrete-based TES systems and provides a competitive alternative over molten salt. The technology supports numerous other applications within industry such as waste heat recovery and conventional thermal power plants. The benefits of the technology solution include simplicity in installation and operation, low investment and operating cost, modularity and scalability from small to very large plants, and possibility for significant local content as the main components (steel and concrete) are global commodities. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Innovation Norway and the Research Council of Norway are acknowledged for their contribution to the construction of the TES pilot and support of research activities through the Miljøteknologiordningen Projects 103862 & 112887 and the ENERGIX Project 235493/E20. Siemens and DOW chemicals are acknowledged for their contribution to the upgrades and installation at MISP. Prof. José A. González Pérez, University of Seville for the contribution to the development of the simulation software. DNV-GL is acknowledged for carrying out safety assessments and independent validation of the R&D setup, and measured TES performance. Research at the Masdar Institute is supported by the Government of Abu Dhabi to help fulfill the vision of the late President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nayhan for sustainable development and empowerment of the UAE and humankind. Finally, we would like to acknowledge Dr. Mathieu Martins for his great contribution to project, as well as Mr. Mike Tiner, director of laboratories, for his constant support to develop the solar platform; and additionally the work by the technical team at MISP operating the TES with Alberto Crespo Iniesta, David Diez Corral, Djawed Belasri, Michael Opolot, Elena García Ortiz and Jan Georg Wagenfeld, as well as students at Masdar Institute. REFERENCES 1. Pål G. Bergan, Christopher J. Greiner, “A New Type of Large Scale Thermal Energy Storage”, Energy Procedia, Volume 58, 2014, Pages 152-159. 2. Matthieu Martins, Uver Villalobos, Thomas Delclos, Peter Armstrong, Pal G. Bergan, and Nicolas Calvet, “New concentrating solar power facility for testing high temperature concrete thermal energy storage”, Energy Procedia No. 75 (2015), pp. 2144 – 2149. 3. Jansson R. “Measurement of Concrete Thermal Properties at High Temperature” Proceedings from the fib Task Group 4.3 workshop “Fire Design of Concrete Structures: What now? What next?”, Milan, Italy, December 2- 3, 2004. 4. D. Laing, C. Bahl, T. Bauer, M. Fiss, N. Breidenbach and M. Hempel, "High-Temperature Solid-Media Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Power Plants," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 516-524, Feb. 2012. 5. Uver Villalobos Et al. “Thermal and mechanical properties characterization of high temperature concrete for CSP applications”, SolarPaces Conference, 2015. 6. C. Libby, “Solar Thermocline Storage Systems – Preliminary Design Study”, EPRI report no. 1019581, pp. 5.4- 5.5, 2010. 080011-8PDF Image | EnergyNest thermal energy storage (TES) technology
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