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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net 4.2 RESULT AND EXPERIMENTATION;DISCHARGING p-ISSN: 2395-0072 accurate readings of the sand’s temperature over various time intervals as well as its temperature distribution. A Solenoid Controlled Valve Port should be added inside the TES element to limit the distribution of flow in the heat exchanger to only a fraction of the pipes. PHASE • • The initial temperature of the oil was recorded to be 50°C, while the sand’s was 91°C. At the end of the first stage of the discharge phase the two mediums reached a thermal equilibrium of approximately 75°C in 7 minutes. After thermal equilibrium is obtained, the heat obtained back to the oil is converted into electricity through a Peltier element • Chart 4.2 7. CONCLUSION Current methods used for storing thermal energy are limited to the use of molten salt as the storage medium. Molten salts are constrained by high fixed and marginal costs, due to their maintenance requirements. Furthermore, because of their incapability of withstanding high- temperatures, they cannot fuel highly efficient power cycles. India’s desert sand is proven to be a more cost-effective and maintenance-free alternative for high-temperature sensible thermal energy storage. Its properties have shown to be very promising, particularly at high-temperatures with a specific heat capacity reaching that of water’s. The proposed TES system includes the heat exchanger with the sand enclosed in a housing, a hydraulic gear pump to energize the flow, valves to control the flow, sensors to monitor the pressure and temperature of the HTF, as well as an oil tank to store the HTF. For the heat input, instead of a heliostat field, an electric heater was used to replicate a CSP plant’s working environment. After conducting testing on the thoroughly designed, and later manufactured prototype, important characteristics of the TES element were obtained. The charging time required by the sand to reach 150°C was found experimentally to be 56 minutes. After 5 hours of storing, under insulated conditions, the sand decreased to 91°C indicating a high storing efficiency of 88.9%. In 7 minutes the oil absorbed back the heat from the sand with a discharge efficiency of 61%, followed by a voltage generation of 0.535𝑉 by the thermoelectric generator. 8. ACKNOWLEGEMENT We consider it as a privilege to articulate a few words of gratitude and respect to all those deserving individuals who guided us in this project. First and foremost, we would like to extend our profound gratitude and sincere thanks to our guide professor M.A.Nadaf, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AITM, Bhatkal. Who constantly supported and Encourage us during every step of dissertation. We really feel highly indebted to him for constantly guiding us to continue our work and giving us short term goals. We are thankful to our project co-ordinator Prof.Dr. Padmayya S Naik and our HOD Dr. K Fazlur Rahman Professor,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering, AITM, Bhatkal for them immense support throughout this project. 5. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE EFFICIENCY The effect of temperature difference in charging and discharging process on thermal conversion efficiency can be calculated from Carnot cycle efficiency ratio. It is basically the drop of the potential power generation caused by the losses in the Storing Phase 𝜼𝑻𝑬𝑺,𝑰=𝟏−(𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒗𝑻𝒅𝒊𝒔⁄)𝟏−(𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒗𝑻𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆⁄) Where: 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒗 is the ambient temperature that the system was operating in 𝑻𝒅𝒊𝒔 is the initial temperature of the sand at the Discharge Phase 𝑻𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 is the final temperature of the sand at the Charging Phase 6. IMPROVEMENTS • The components of the system should be chosen to withstand a temperature higher than the maximum operating temperature of the system. • An insulation could be used on the pipes, TES, and oil tank to provide a stronger resistance to heat loss that the currently used insulation could not do. • Temperature sensors should be placed inside the sand within the TES element in order to record more © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3582PDF Image | Heat Storing Sand Battery
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