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Energies 2022, 15, 6331 4 of 33 the case of decentralized energy production, where LCOW achieved 72.7 EUR/m3, which was 2.1% lower than in the case of the centralized scenario. Most of the articles summarized in Table 1 present a simulation approach where specialized software is used. Sharma et al. [32] conducted a detailed comparative analysis of the available simulation tools based on an environmental assessment. Five software packages were chosen from the group of fifty that best fits the proposed criteria. Among them, the TRNSYS Simulation Studio showed the most flexibility for simulations across all stages of the project development. Table 1. Literature review of hybrid systems studies. Analysis Type Simulation [TRNSYS] Simulation [MATLAB Simulink] Analytical Analytical, simulation [HOMER] Simulation [HOMER] Simulation [HOMER] Simulation Simulation Evaluation Area Chik Island Teheran Geraldton Temajuk Saudi Arabia Newcastle Patmos Portimão Load Details [kWh/Day] 239 250 15 - 24 4.6 (27.9) - - Size of Wind Turbine [kW] 38.5 195 1 1 6 11.04–27.84 330 5000 Size of Capacity of Photovoltaic Desalination Field [kW] Unit [m3/day] Reference 98.7 - [24] 85 - [25] 2.8 - [26] 1 - [27] 3.3 5 [28] 1.44–3.6 - [29] 86 2000 [30] 6300 175,000 [31] As concerns, the application of the software, good compliance between the simulation and experimental results was achieved in the case of the polygeneration system based on hybrid renewable energy and water desalination proposed by Uche et al. [33]. The mean deviation and averaged relative error were less than 10% with the correlation coefficient in the range of 0.90–0.98. This means that the control parameters are within the limits that allow the validity and comparability of experimental and simulation results. On the basis of the presented literature review, it can be noticed that significant research possibilities are still available in the field of hybrid polygeneration systems including desalination units, especially at the scale of micro-installations. The analysis of the literature shows that the studies are mainly focused on hybrid energy systems used to provide thermal and electrical energy, while ones including freshwater production are not so numerous. Such systems are analyzed mostly for purposes of large-scale users, and in such cases, preferable energy sources are based only on PV and wind energy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to expand the knowledge about islanded micro-scale reverse osmosis systems powered by renewables, including energy storage and production of heat and chill. The proposed system consists of a wind turbine, PV field, electrochemical battery, Rankine cycle with a biomass boiler, adsorption chiller, and reverse osmosis unit as well as a backup LPG generator. The heat produced in such a system is used for the whole year for the production of DHW, for heating purposes in winter months, and as a supply of the sorption chiller generator in summer months. The electrical energy produced by RES is used for the purposes of freshwater production throughout the whole year as well as for matching user load. The novelty of the presented study concerns the dynamic analysis of such a system in the fully remote and renewable-based scheme of operation and comparingPDF Image | Hybrid Polygeneration System Based on Biomass Wind and Solar Energy
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