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Energies 2022, 15, 6331 5 of 33 it to scenarios utilizing energy from the grid or from generators based on fossil fuels. The achieved results, beginning from the presentation and discussion of the system dynamic operation up to the yearly results summarizing the performance of the system, are novel with respect to the existing literature. Indeed, to the best of our knowledge, the proposed system is investigated for the first time. In order to provide a complex dynamic analysis of the energy with a timestep equal to 5 min, the system was investigated using a Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) software package. This software was selected since it has some interesting features such as: (i) the capability to simulate energy systems with a user-defined time scale and resolution, (ii) full liberty in developing models of energy systems and their operation strategy, and (iii) the possibility to integrate user-defined components. It is important to note that this software is continuously used to carry out research on novel and complex energy systems, as proven by countless papers available in the scientific literature. The model of the system was developed on the basis of user-defined models validated against experimental or technical data, as well as build-in software components. The operating parameters of each of the system elements were calculated at each timestep and influenced the further operation of the system. Dynamic simulation of the mentioned system describes its operation in Pantelleria Island (Italy) and can be adapted to any other climatic conditions. 3. Materials and Methods In order to simulate the hybrid energy system with a reverse osmosis unit, TRNSYS software was used [34]. The modeling of the considered system was performed using both built-in libraries (wind turbine, battery, PV field, steam turbine, pumps, diverters, valves, tanks, boiler, generator sets, etc.) as well as user-defined components, specifically configured for the proper design of the system (control strategy, energy, and economic model, reverse osmosis unit). It is important to note that the software library components are experimentally validated or were based on manufacturers’ data, which allows achieving highly reliable outcomes from the simulation. Figure 1 presents a sequence of activities in the form of a flowchart, which has been undertaken during the investigation. The flowchart is divided into four sections. The first presents preliminary research and the component selection of the system. The second part contains the process of implementing the issue into the program and setting up subsequent variants. Part three presents results obtained from the simulation. Part four is the economic analysis carried out on the basis of simulation results, available market, and the literature data. All of the steps presented allowed the energy and economic potential of the investigated polygeneration system to be accurately determined. In this section, models of a reverse osmosis unit, as well as economic and energy models are provided, while the other models used in the study are omitted for the sake of brevity since they are presented in the TRNSYS software reference. Concerning the adopted models, it is worth noting that the wind turbine model is based on manufacturer’s data [35], as well as the adsorption chiller [36]. The complete list of utilized TRNSYS build-in components is presented in Table 2.PDF Image | Hybrid Polygeneration System Based on Biomass Wind and Solar Energy
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