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Energies 2022, 15, 6331 characteristic of the user demand, thermal load strategy adopted, and availability and wind energy. The performance parameters of the main energy conversion devices prese The trend of dumped energy (DUMP) reveals that the system is subject to cant ineffectiveness from the point of view of the utilization of produced electrical Indeed, the energy dumped varies between 0.75 and 2.00 MWh. This is due to the and wind energy. eration hours (n,ST) is relatively low as it does not exceed 0.5 during the whole ye The performance parameters of the main energy conversion devices present in the saystietmuaatrioe nshioswdnuien Ftoiguthre 1f6a.ctThthe astetahme tsutrebainme’scynocrlemaslyizsetdemequhiavsalaenht inguhmhberato-fto-pow operation hours (n,ST) is relatively low as it does not exceed 0.5 during the whole year. caused by the adopted Rankine cycle parameters, which limits the electrical ene Such a situation is due to the fact that the steam cycle system has a high heat-to-power duction even when the heat demand of the user is substantial. Conversely, bette 24 of 33 characteristic of the user demand, thermal load strategy adopted, and availability of solar system are shown in Figure 16. The steam turbine’s normalized equivalent numb ratio, caused by the adopted Rankine cycle parameters, which limits the electrical energy tion of the installed power capacity is achieved by the wind turbine, WT, whose production even when the heat demand of the user is substantial. Conversely, better ized performance index (n,WT) varies between 0.28 and 0.46 due to the favora utilization of the installed power capacity is achieved by the wind turbine, WT, whose ncornmdailtiizoendspeorfotrhmeanseceleinctdedx(lno,WcaTti)ovna.riMesobertewoeveenr0,.a28sapnodi0n.t4e6duoeuttobthyeftahveoreanbelergyres wind conditions of the selected location. Moreover, as pointed out by the energy results, operation of the GSET is marginal since its normalized energy production with r the operation of the GSET is marginal since its normalized energy production with respect its nominal capacity (n,GSET) keeps between 0.009 and 0.042. to its nominal capacity (n,GSET) keeps between 0.009 and 0.042. 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Time [months] n,ST n,WT η,PV n,GSET COP Figure 16. Energy performance indexes of the system’s main components on monthly basis. Figure 16. Energy performance indexes of the system’s main components on monthly basi The change in the PV performance over the months is not significant because the efficiency (η,PV) drops meanly only by 6% with respect to the maximum value of 0.194 The change in the PV performance over the months is not significant bec achieved in the second month. This result is mainly due to a relatively low temperature efficiency (η,PV) drops meanly only by 6% with respect to the maximum value coefficient of the PV modules. Furthermore, an opposite trend to the PV efficiency is achieved in the second month. This result is mainly due to a relatively low tem achieved by the COP of the adsorption chiller, ACH, as its values are higher in the central mcoenftfhisciceonmtpaorfedthtoethPeVonmesoadt tuhleebse.gFinunrinthgearnmd oenrde., Tahne mopaxpimosuimteCtOrePnrdesutlot isth0.e62P6V effic while the minimum one is 0.571. The difference is achieved because during the central achieved by the COP of the adsorption chiller, ACH, as its values are higher in th months of operation, the temperature returning from the user is relatively higher which months compared to the ones at the beginning and end. The maximum COP resul allows to achieve better thermal performance of the adsorption chiller. while the minimum one is 0.571. The difference is achieved because during th The trends reported in Figure 17 show the distribution of electrical energies generated months of operation, the temperature returning from the user is relatively high by the devices in the system (ST, WT, PV and GSET), and the ratio of energy dumped (aDllUoMwPs)taonadcshuipepvleiebdettotetrhethbearttmerayl (pBeArTf)owrmithanrecsepoecft tthoethaedesnoerrpgtyiopnrocdhuicleledr. . The contribution in energy production throughout the months is highest in the case of the wind The trends reported in Figure 17 show the distribution of electrical energie turbine, WT, whose utilization factor oscillates between 0.474 and 0.640, followed by the ated by the devices in the system (ST, WT, PV and GSET), and the ratio of energy steam turbine, ST, with a contribution in the range of 0.203 and 0.328, and, finally, there is (DUMP) and supplied to the battery (BAT) with respect to the energy produced. the photovoltaic field, PV, with a 0.069–0.177 share. For the GSET, the energy generated atrcicbountitos nforinbeetwneerngy0.0p2r2oadnudc0t.i0o8n6 otfhtrhoeutogthaloeuntertghyepmroodunctehds. is highest in the case of t The ratio of energy dumped monthly varies throughout the year from 18.5 to 39.1%, turbine, WT, whose utilization factor oscillates between 0.474 and 0.640, followe which significantly affects the performance of the system in terms of effective operation. steam turbine, ST, with a contribution in the range of 0.203 and 0.328, and, finally A lower value could be achieved with a higher capacity of battery system, BAT, since in the photovoltaic field, PV, with a 0.069–0.177 share. For the GSET, the energy g accounts for between 0.022 and 0.086 of the total energy produced. a i n e r r b u e a p e t e e d T h d , e Equivalent numner of operation hours, efficiency and coefficient of perfomance [-]PDF Image | Hybrid Polygeneration System Based on Biomass Wind and Solar Energy
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