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Total Energy Consumption (MWh) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Total kWh TESS Total kWh STD 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% kWh Savings the total amount of annual power usage of the cooling systems to the annual power usage of IT equipment, as described by Eq. (4). PUm PUEm = Mechanical Power Usage Effectiveness IT = IT Energy; K = Cooling Energy (i.e., chillers, pumps, cooling towers, air handling, etc.) Reducing Part Load is an example of how an integrated HTEES with feedforward control can improve PUE. The performance curve in Eq. (5) represents actual measurements (with R2=0.94) of the impact of Part Load on efficiency (kW/Ton) from a centrifugal chiller operating with constant 70°F entering condenser water and 42°F exiting evaporator water. kW/Ton32 kW/Ton = Chiller Efficiency = (Part) Load = Demand/Capacity The idea here is to optimize the PUE through the chiller electric supply in regular operations (see Fig. 5 for the substantial impact of outside temperature on PUE and PUEm), and in fail safe-mode (e.g., during a power or mechanical failure). Fig. 6. Energy Consumption for Standard and HTEES. With the HTEES, the cooling load from server racks is reduced substantially for all the OA conditions. In addition, the power consumption has a significant lower impact on the total datacenter power consumption with the HTEES. The Fig. 7 shows that Electric Peak can be improved (shaved) from 617 kW to 913 kW by the proposed system, under the given operating conditions. 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 - Peak Shaving (kW) Peak Shaving max min avg 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Power Usage Effectiveness PUE PUEm 40 60 80 100 Outside Temperature (F) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% PUE Improvement PUE for Standard and HTEES Design HTEES PUE STD PUE Fig. 5. PUE & PUEm as a function of outside temperature. C. Onsite Monitoring An implementation with extensive monitoring has been deployed at a major datacenter, located in ahigh rise building. Eighteen units in two sets: one for energy efficiency purposes, including peak shaving, and the other for safety reasons, as a redundancy for the server cooling. A hybrid approach that integrated the solution with a central power manager was the only viable solution; ultimately, the program successfully met all of its goals. The onsite monitoring shows a 10 percent to 23 percent reduction of the electricity consumption for the cooling. That represents approximately 2 Million kWh per year and up to 0.8 MW in peak shaving. Fig. 7. Peak shaving with HTEES. Fig. 8. PUE for Standard and HTEES Configuration. The results illustrated in Fig. 7 show that the monthly averaged PUE values vary significantly because of the variation in mechanical cooling needs depending upon OA conditions. Figure? also shows that the average PUE with the standard Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec PUEPDF Image | Hybrid Thermal and Electric and Energy Storage System
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