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6 Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems Table 1.3 Comparison of the storage density of different TES methods Type of storage technology Material Energy stored (MJ/m3) Energy stored (kJ/kg) Comments Sensible heat Granite 50 17 DT = 20°C W ater 84 84 DT = 20°C Latent heat W ater 306 330 Tmelting = 0°C Paraffins 180 200 Tmelting = 5–130°C Salt hydrates 300 200 Tmelting = 5–130°C Salt 600–1,500 300–700 Tmelting = 300–800°C Chemical reactions H2 gas (oxidation) 11 120,000 300 K, 1 bar H2 gas (oxidation) 2,160 120,000 300 K, 200 bar H2 liquid (oxidation) 8,400 120,000 20 K, 1 bar Fossil gas 32 – 300 K, 1 bar Gasoline 33,000 43,200 – Electrical storage Zn/Mn oxide battery – 180 – Pb battery – 70–180 – Source: [3] Table 1.4 Typical materials used in sensible heat TES storage Material Density (kg/m3) Specific heat (J/kg·K) V olumetric thermal capacity (106 J/m3·K) Clay Brick Sandstone W ood Concrete Glass Aluminium Iron Steel Gravelly earth Magnetite W ater 1,458 1,800 2,200 700 2,000 2,710 2,710 7,900 7,840 2,050 5,177 988 879 837 712 2,390 880 837 896 452 465 1,840 752 4,182 1.28 1.51 1.57 1.67 1.76 2.27 2.43 3.57 3.68 3.77 3.89 4.17 Source: [1]PDF Image | Introduction to thermal energy storage TES systems
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