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Introduction to thermal energy storage TES systems

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Introduction to thermal energy storage TES systems ( introduction-thermal-energy-storage-tes-systems )

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Introduction to thermal energy storage (TES) systems 11 600 500 400 300 200 100 CaCl2·NH3 Salt hydrates Paraffines Silica gel·H2O PCM MgSO4 · 6H2O MgCl2 · 6H2O NiCl2NH2 Zeolith·H2O Nitrates Sugar alcohols 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Temperature (°C) Figure 1.6 Storage capacities of PCM and TCM compared to water [15]. 1.3 Overview of system types 1.3.1 Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) uses the ground to store heat and cold. Depending on the geological, hydrogeological and other site conditions, ATES (aquifer TES), BTES (boreholes TES) or CTES (cavern TES) is selected as a storage system. ATES and BTES are commercial today, CTES is rarely applied commercially. In ATES systems, groundwater is used to carry thermal energy to and from an aquifer, using water wells and storing the heat in the groundwater and in the solid mass around it (Figure 1.7) [17]. This is a commercial technology, with the Netherlands and Sweden as leading countries in terms of implementation. The systems are usually for low temperature building applications. BTES systems have several closely spaced boreholes, between 50 and 200 m deep; they act as heat exchangers to the underground, usually in U-pipe form (Figure 1.8) [17]. There are many countries with thousands of BTES systems, ranging from one borehole to up to a few hundred boreholes, usually for heating and cooling of buildings (residential housing and hotels and office buildings). Another UTES system is energy piles, which use the building foundations as ground heat exchangers [18]. Countries such as Japan see this method as having a lot of potential because it allows cost reduction in the construction of the ground heat exchangers. Energy piles are cast-in-place concrete piles, precasting concrete piles, and steel foundation piles. Water © ZAE Bayern Storage capacity (KWh/m3) TCM

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