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14 Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems Tank 1 Tank 2 Natural convection loop Tank 3 Heat exchanger Charge loop Figure 1.9 Schematic of the multi-tank storage plumbed in the series charge and series discharge configuration [19]. Tests from the first part of this study [19] were conducted by charging the system with a constant inlet charge temperature (hot feed) of 55°C for 8 h, while performing five equal volume draws commencing at the start of every hour after 4 h of charging, i.e., draws occurred at the start of hours 4–8. Draws were chosen to commence after 4 h in order to provide a partial charge to the system, and different draw volumes were also considered such that the effects on tank stratification could be observed. In an effort to build upon the work of the previous studies, Dickinson et al. [22] investigated the effects of variable input power charging and variable hourly draw volumes. Three experimental tests were performed over two-day test periods to include variable charge and discharge conditions. The plumbing configurations which were considered included: series charge and series discharge, parallel charge and parallel discharge, and series charge and parallel discharge. Comparisons between system configurations were based on stratification levels, hot water delivery temperatures, and solar fractions. Results of the study showed that charging and discharging the system in parallel produced the highest solar fraction when compared to the other multi-tank configurations, with solar fractions of 0.62 and 0.67 from experimental testing and TRNSYS simulation, respectively. When compared to a single tank configuration, the parallel charge and parallel discharge configuration achieved 97.7% of the delivered solar energy of a stratified single tank system with the same storage volume and heat exchanger performance. To load Hot feed Cold return Mains Cold feedPDF Image | Introduction to thermal energy storage TES systems
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