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Introduction to thermal energy storage (TES) systems 17 food products. This is observed in the ice crystal size in ice cream. The average ice crystal size of 40–50 mm is maintained over the power loss period with PCM in the freezer, whereas without PCM, the average size rose to 70–80 mm by the end of the two-week power loss period. Drip loss in frozen meat also demonstrated that the lower temperature fluctuations achieved due to PCM led to better food quality. After two-weeks, the drip loss with PCM panels was 10%, compared to 17% without PCM. 1.3.4 Thermochemical storage An example of thermochemical storage is the use of an open adsorption storage system for heating and cooling in a district heating system in Munich, Germany [14]. An open adsorption system using zeolite was installed to heat a school building in winter and to cool a jazz club in summer time. The system is presented in Figure 1.13. 1.3.4.1 Heating In order to reach a coefficient of performance COPheat of about 1.0 or more, it is important to utilize the heat of condensation Qcond during the charging process. The thermochemical storage system can be charged off-peak. At on-peak times it uses only low temperature heat extracted from the return flow of the district heating system. By lowering the temperature of this return flow, the power transported is increased and heat losses of the net are reduced. In addition to that, thermochemical storage systems offer high energy storage densities without degradation due to heat losses in long-term storage. The heat fluxes during charging and discharging mode are shown in Figure 1.14. At night, zeolite is charged by air, heated up to about 130–180°C using the steam line of the district heating system (heat of desorption QDes). Under these conditions the final water content of the zeolite reaches between 0.09 kgWater/kgZeolite and 0.05 kgWater/kgZeolite. The waste heat of the charging process (temperature level 35–40°C Charging Heat Q Entropy S Discharging Heat Q Entropy S Desorber vapour Water Ambient District heat (steam) Adsorbent/ water vapour Adsorber vapour Water District heat (condensate) Adsorbent/ water vapour Heating Humidifier Figure 1.13 Open adsorption storage system for heating connected to a district heating system in Munich, Germany [14].PDF Image | Introduction to thermal energy storage TES systems
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