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M.M. Kenisarin, et al. Journal of Energy Storage 27 (2020) 101082 Measurements were conducted in a glass column with the diameter of 20 cm and a height of 40 cm, using air as the HTF and copper spheres with diameters of 2, 3, 4, and 6 cm. The detailed temperature field was obtained within the spheres, using 10 thermocouples. The values of the air velocity and temperature used in the experiments were 4–10 m/s and 60–90 °C, respectively. The inlet air temperature of 24 °C was maintained during the solidification process. Measured melting and solidification times varied over a range of 5–15 and 2–5 min, respec- tively. The specific melting or solidification times were calculated as the time, required for melting or solidifying a unit mass of the PCM. Experiments showed that the highest specific melting time was ob- tained for the smallest diameter of sphere. The specific melting time decreases with an increase in the sphere diameter. The reason was that in the small diameter sphere the conduction plays a dominant role in the heat transfer process. However, natural convection effects were more pronounced in spheres with larger diameters. That enhances the heat transfer process and reduces the specific melting. It should be noted that variations in the specific solidification time did not corre- spond to the real experiments. As mentioned previously, the solidifi- cation process was investigated only with the inlet air temperature of 24 °C. Because of the conducted experiments, correlations were sug- gested, characterizing the heat transfer during melting and solidifica- tion inside a spherical capsule, using air as the heat transfer fluid. Thus, for melting Fom = 0.199 Ste 0.56Bi 0.212, (11) (Correlation is valid for 0.08 < Ste < 0.38; 1.89 < Bi < 6; 60°CPDF Image | Journal of Energy Storage 27
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