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M.M. Kenisarin, et al. Journal of Energy Storage 27 (2020) 101082 Fig. 51. Cross section of spherical container with different fin configurations i) without fin; ii) circumferentially finned spherical container; iii) orthogonally finned spherical container [121]. Fig. 52. Comparison of melting and solidification times for different finned spherical capsules [121]. circumferentially finned spherical capsule. The experimental rig, used in work, is shown in Fig. 49. The spherical capsule, as well as water tanks, were made of Plexiglas to provide transparency in the experi- ment. The aluminum annular-shaped fin was mounted between two hemispherical shells with flanges. The inner diameter of the assembled capsule was 100 mm, with a wall thickness of 2 mm. The fin thickness D was fixed at 2 mm, while the effective fin height H inside the sphere was varied. To maintain the solid PCM at the fixed position, a thin wood stick with a radius of 1 mm was used. The comparison of experimental data and computational results is presented in Fig. 50a. The measured melting duration times are 98, 86, 78, and 69 min for the cases, in which H/R was equal to 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75, respectively. The cor- responding predicted values were 94, 84, 75, and 67 min, respectively. The actual melting rate was overestimated by a small margin in the numerical simulations. The relative reduction of the melting time for the finned cases, in which H/R = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 with respect to the "no fins" base case was found, in both experimental and numerical studies, to be approximately 11, 20 and 29%, respectively. Thus, the adding a circumferential straight fin with H/R = 0.75, enhanced heat transfer by 30%. Using the approach, suggested by Kamkari and Sho- kouhmand in [120], Fan et al. [119] proposed the following correlation for calculation of the molten fraction in terms of the modified di- mensionless time and fin height 0.6 where coefficients were determined by curve fitting of results shown in Fig. 50b. As it can be seen, the measured changes in the molten fraction al- most coincide with the curve, calculated by the above correlation. The coefficient for curve fitting is as high as 0.9989 with a very small re- lative deviation, being within only ± 3%. Since the Gr and Ste numbers were kept constant in the study, then these are not present in the cor- relation. Govindaraj et al. [121] carried out investigation of the melting and solidification processes in a spherical container with the following three configurations: without fin, with circumferential fin and, finally, with orthogonal fin, see Fig. 51. Each capsule has the opening at the top for the filling by PCM and inserting thermocouples vertically. All these stainless-steel spherical capsules had an internal diameter of 88 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. The finned spherical capsule had the fin surface area of 5,976 mm2. Commercial paraffin wax with the phase change temperature ranging between 50.5 and 63 °C was used as the PCM. Fig. 52 compares the total time needed for charging and dis- charging spherical containers with different orientations. It can be seen in Fig. 52 that the time duration required for complete charging of PCM, was longer compared to the discharging process. The prolonged duration for the charging process is due to the inclusion in the process Fig. 53. The cut section of the meshed model of the PCM sphere with pins [121]. f m = 1 . 6 2 6 2 1 . 6 1 6 6 e x p F o ( 1 + HR ) 0.2003 (54) 27PDF Image | Journal of Energy Storage 27
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