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M.M. Kenisarin, et al. Journal of Energy Storage 27 (2020) 101082 Fig. 57. Results of analysis: a – Charging rate and accumulated cold stored in each capsule; b – influence of pin number on PCM filling ratio, pin effectiveness and charging time; c – influence of L/R on PCM filling ratio, pin effectiveness and charging; d – influence of pin diameter on PCM filling ratio, pin effectiveness and charging time [123]. of sensible heat energy. Aziz et al. [122] studied the effect of the heat transfer enhancement in the thermal energy storage (TES) system with PCM, encapsulated in a sphere. To enhance the performance, the spherical capsule was mod- ified by deploying pins and copper plating. Computational simulations with the use of Ansys CFX V15 software were compered to data from experimental studies. The tested TES system comprising a single en- capsulated PCM sphere (see Fig. 53) with a diameter of 74 mm and containing 32 square copper pins, which are 25.4 mm in length and with a cross-section of 2 × 2 mm, was located in the middle of a well- insulated cylindrical tank. Three configurations of the sphere, see Fig. 54, were used in the study. The first configuration was a sphere with an outer diameter of 74 mm, encapsulated by 2.5 mm-thick medium density polyethylene. The same sphere was modifed for an- other two configurations using additional conducting pins embedded into the sphere and copper plating. The PCM, used in the study, was potable water. The HTF was a viscous fluid capable of operating at −40 °C, namely Dynalene HC-40. The range of mass flow rate used in the simulation studies was in the range between 0.031 kg/s and 1.0 kg/s. Typical results obtained are shown in Fig. 55. There was no evaluation of the effect of pin numbers, pin material and its dimensions on the heat transfer characteristics. Just recently, Jia et al. [123] reported the results of experimental and numerical studies of a spherical PCM container with pin-fins for cold storage and its optimization. In contrast to [122], Jia et al. [123] investigated the effect of circular pin numbers. The influence of the pin length and diameter was also studied to obtain their optimal value. The configurations of the spherical containers with different pin numbers are presented in Fig. 56. The spherical shell, with the inner diameter of 40 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm, was welded to the inner pins so that molten PCM can be placed into the encapsulation between the outer shell and inner pins. The shell and fins are both made of the 6061- aluminum alloy. The capric acid-lauric acid-oleic acid (CA-LA- OA) composite was chosen as the PCM. The simulation of the solidification process was carried out using ANSYS Fluent 18.0 software. The outer wall temperature of the capsule TL for all cases was set to 7 °C, while their initial temperature To was assumed to be 22 °C. The study was run using four different fin numbers of capsules: 0, 2, 4 and 6 (cases Capsule 0, Capsule Num_2, Capsule Num_4 and Capsule Num_6, respectively). The experiment was performed for two different initial temperatures: To = =22 and 25 °C. The experiments were repeated three times to ensure the reproducibility of experimental data. A comparison of the simulated values and experimental data produced a good agreement with deviations less than 6.9%. The main results are shown in Fig. 57. The comprehensive numerical simulation results, which the authors obtained, were not used for deriving the correlation for the di- mensionless times as a function of dimensionless parameters, which account for physical properties of the PCM, materials of the spherical shell, number and dimensions of pins and sphere. 3.5. The effective thermal conductivity correlations of the PCM constrained melting in spherical envelopes Investigations of Bedecarrates et al. [33, 36] have shown the use of 29PDF Image | Journal of Energy Storage 27
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