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M.M. Kenisarin, et al. Journal of Energy Storage 27 (2020) 101082 5. Conclusions It is well known that the thermal processes, involving convective heat transfer are difficult to be described without using criterial equa- tions with dimensionless parameters due to the large amount of solid, liquid, and gaseous matters participating in the process of heat transfer. Melting and solidification of PCMs are not exceptions from this rule. As highlighted, research groups of E. M. Sparrow and R. Viskanta carried out fundamental investigations on heat transfer in PCMs in the USA. However, these studies had mainly of an academic character. The rapid development of technology and creation of a large amount of per- spective PCMs, which can be efficiently and feasibly used in practice, stimulated a new round of intensive investigations on the heat transfer in PCMs. These studies were aimed at determination of the duration of complete melting or solidification processes and the rate of energy storing or releasing in the process of phase change. This review shows that the most studies on the PCM melting and solidification were per- formed at a fixed HTF temperature, which is the simplest case for de- scribing outside thermal conditions. Such approach does not ensure high accuracy calculation of the practical heat transfer characteristics for available PCMs. There is an obvious shortage in comprehensive and systematic experimental studies of the heat transfer during PCM melting and solidification, covering a wide range of phase change materials, heat transfer fluids, types of heat exchangers and initial and boundary conditions. Therefore, the following recommendations can be made for future work in this field: 1 For PCMs, the heat transfer characteristics of which are being in- vestigated, their thermophysical properties should be reliably measured including the melting point, heat of fusion, thermal con- ductivity, density, specific heat in the solid and liquid state as well as viscosity in the temperature region close to the melting point. 2 When melting and solidification behaviour of the mixtures or compositions is investigated, then their thermophysical properties should be also accurately measured. Particularly it concerns the viscosity in the mushy zone, which may vary by several orders of magnitude. Practice shows that incorrect value of this parameter significantly contributes to the departure of numerical simulation results from experimental data. 3 To simplify verification of numerical data, it is advisable to present experimental results in both tabular and graphical forms. 4 The experimental or numerical results of investigations are re- commended to present in the dimensionless form. 5 Along with the presentation of correlations for calculation of the change in liquid fraction, it would be useful to produce correlations for calculation of the energy storing/releasing rates, the rate of melting/solidification, and the time required for complete melting/ solidification. 6 Further investigations of phase change behaviour of PCMs inside a spherical capsule, exposed to the flow of typical heat transfer fluids, are necessary. 7 Systematic comparison of all known correlations with the use of all available experimental database would be very beneficial for prac- tical applications. Declaration of competing interest None. Acknowledgments This study was funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Project Grant Agreement 723596 - INNOVA MICROSOLAR) and H2020-MSCA-IF-2015 Program (Project Grant Agreement 705944 - THERMOSTALL). Supplementary materials Supplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.est.2019.101082. References [1] G.A. Lane, Solar heat storage: latent heat materials, Background and Scientific Principles 1 CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, 1983. [2] H. Mehling, L.F. Cabeza, Heat and cold storage with PCM, An Up to Date Introduction Into Basics and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2008. [3] A.M. Khudhair, M.M. Farid, A review on energy conservation in building appli- cations with thermal storage by latent heat using phase change materials, Energy Convers. Manage. 45 (2) (2004 Jan 1) 263–275. [4] S. Jegadheeswaran, S.D. 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[13] Rubitherm GmbH.https://www.rubitherm.eu/en/index.php/productcategory/ organische-pcm-rt. [14] PCM Energy P. Ltd.https://www.teappcm.com. [15] M. Kenisarin, K. Mahkamov, Solar energy storage using phase change materials, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 11 (9) (2007 Dec 31) 1913–1965. [16] S.E. Kalnæs, B.P. Jelle, Phase change materials and products for building appli- cations: a state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities, Energy Build. 94 (2015 May 1) 150–176. [17] R Viskanta, Phase-change heat transfer. chapter 5, in: G.A. Lane (Ed.), Solar Heat storage: Latent heat materials. Volume 1. Background and Scientific Principles, CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, 1983, pp. 153–222 Ed.. [18] L.S. Yao, J. Prusa, Melting and freezing, Adv. Heat Transf. 19 (1989) 1–95. [19] M.Toksoy,B.Z.İlken,Phasechangeheattransferincylindricaldomain:modelling and its importance in the thermal energy storage, in: B. Kılkış, S. 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