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Materials 2022, 15, 2946 15 of 20 change in color after heating may be attributed to an increase in the density of oxygen and Figure 7. XRD data for red sand in the “as received” condition, following heating in air at different a corresponding change in the iron oxide state. temperatures, and after cyclic heating at 1200 °C for 500 h. Figure 8. XRD data for CARBOBEAD CP in the “as received” condition and following heating in air Figure 8. XRD data for CARBOBEAD CP in the “as received” condition and following heating in air ◦ att 1200 °Cfforrdiiffferrentt periiods.. Symbollscorrrespond tto tthe folllowiing phases.. T4a.3b.leSp6e.cEilfiecmHeneatatlcompositionofCARBOBEADCP. The specific heats (cp) of the white sand and red sand samples (“as received” and after ◦ CARBOBEAD CP (weight %) theEclyecmliecnhteating test at 1200 C for 500 h) are presented as a function of temperature in Fresh 1200 °C—4 h 1200 °C—32 h 1200 °C—500 h Figures 9 and 10, respectively. The behavior of the cp was the same for the samples—it O 49.95 50.91 51.37 51.59 increased with the increase in temperature. The measured values of the cp were higher Al 31.38 40.25 40.75 39.42 for the “as received” samples in comparison with those of the aged samples. In the case Si 6.76 2.20 3.52 4.79 of the “as received” samples, the specific heat of the red sand was lower than that of the Fe 11.27 3.80 2.84 4.19 white sand. For the red sand, it was obvious that the cp values did not show any change ◦◦ belowT20i0 C after e0x.p65osure to the c1y.9c0lic heating at 12001.5C2 for 500 h. For the ag-ed samples, the c Mvnalues for the- white sand w1.e4r3e lower than that- of the aged sample -of red sand. p After a phase change (<600 ◦C), the cp of the aged sample of white sand became almost constant. The sharp pile at 573 ◦C identified the inversion of quartz as it transitioned from α-quartz to β-quartz due to the high SiO2 content in these samples [47]. The results show that the cp values of the “as received” samples dropped after aging, and matched the cp of the pure silica given in [48]. These differences may be attributed to the impurity contents or inhomogeneous composition of the phases in the particles. Hence, even after the aging treatment and proof via the EDX and XRD analyses that the white sand and red sand became almost all silica, we cannot regard them as pure SiO2 with a homogeneous quartz phase. 4.4. Density The theoretical density results for the distilled water are plotted in Figure 11. The bulk density and particle density are summarized in Table 7. The results show an increase in both the densities. The highest increase was observed in the red sand after cyclic heating at 1200 ◦C for 500 h. The density of the CP decreased after 500 h from what it was after 32 h of cyclic heating.PDF Image | Low-Cost Particulates Used as Energy Storage and Heat-Transfer Medium
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