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ABSTRACT NEW PHASE-CHANGE THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS FOR BUILDINGS D. K. Benson, c. B. Christensen, R. W. Burrows, and Y. D. Shinton Solar Energy Research Institute Golden, Colorado, USA A new class of phase-change thermal energy storage materials is under develop- ment at SERI. These materials are unusual in two ways. They reversibly absorb large amounts of heat during a solid-state, crystal transformation more than 70°C below their melting temperatures, and their solid-state transfor- mation temperatures may be adjusted over a range from 7°C to 188°C by varying the ratios of binary mixtures of the components. Because these storage materials remain solid throughout the range of their service temperatures, unique opportunities exist for incorporating them into building materials. Composites have been made with ordinary, porous con- struction materials such as wood, gypsum board, and lightweight concrete as the matrix and with the solid-state phase change materials (SS PCM) filling the void space. The thermal storage capacities of such composites are thereby increased by more than 100% (see Figure 1) without changing the basic nature and workability of the matrix, construction material. Parametric analyses have been conducted to determine what combination of prop- erties would be optimum for certain solar and energy conserving building applications including Trombe wall, direct gain, and distributed cool storage (combined with night ventilation). 1 . INTRODUCTION Solid-state phase-change materials (SS PCMs) are crystalline solids that undergo changes in their structure at temperatures well below their melting points. Some SS PCMs with simple, nearly spherical molecules exhibit very large latent heats of transformation per unit weight. Such compounds have potential for providing a practical method to incorporate latent heat storage into building components. Table 1 lists characteristics of representative SS PCMs. Some conventional building n~terials and solid-liquid, salt-hydrate phase-change materials are also listed for comparison. The SS PCMs listed in Table 1 are chemicals that are mass-produced in very large quantities for use in resin paints, synthetic lubricants, polymers, etc. Computer simulations of building energy performances suggest that composite SS PCMs, once perfected, could reduce energy use and costs of operation in both heating load dominated and cooling load dominated buildings. 1 TP-2727PDF Image | New Phase-Change Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Buildings
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