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Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 13 of 39 Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 The location of the nine users is shown in Figure 3, as well as the DHCN path (in red 14 of 41 to the energy demands to be considered. Since environmental conditions are relevant for residential and tertiary sector energy systems, they require demand data based on an hourly period, whereas the industrial sector could only require a weekly or monthly time resolution. In order to reduce the model complexity, which needs an hourly period, some typical days have been introduced to represent the whole year [48]. Therefore, in this case study, the year has been divided into 24 typical days of 24 h each, namely 12 working days and 12 non-working days, resulting in each month being composed of one working and one non-working day. This time subdivision works for all the variables used, excluding the variables related to the thermal storages, both heating and cooling, that take into account the whole year instead (please refer to Section 2.3). The nine users taken into account are: town hall, main theatre, library, primary school, retirement home, town hall archive, main hospital, secondary school, and swimming pool (private owning). colour) that could be built. This path has been sketched taking into account road layouts, boiler rooms’ locations, and underground utilities’ positions (waterworks, gas network, etc.). The maximum distance between users and the central unit (C) is the one related to etc.). The maximum distance between users and the central unit (C) is the one related to ththetownhhalall(lu(suers1e)r, w1)h,iwchhisicrhouigshrloyu2.g5hklmyf2a.r5frkom ifta.rfromit. Figure 3. Possible connections for the DHCN pipelines. Figure 3. Possible connections for the DHCN pipelines. The thermal energy needed by buildings is used for space heating (demanded at a temperature of 65–70 °C) and for sanitary hot water and is supplied by the BOIs. On the other hand, CCs provide the cooling energy demanded just for space cooling during the summer period. The DHN and DCN operation temperature values have been set up for the simulations at 82 °C and 12 °C, respectively. Through electricity sharing, users constitute an EC in which the aim is to fulfil the whole electric energy demand. Users that are producing an energy surplus send it to aPDF Image | Optimal Sharing Electricity and Thermal Energy
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